Middle Chinese

教 means to teach or instruct, or as a noun, a teaching.

The received pronunciation for 教 here is in the fourth tone, and that maps onto the Middle Chinese departing tone.

But unfortunately, that doesn't tell us a whole lot in terms of whether it's a noun or a verb, since the usage wasn't distinguished by tone in Middle Chinese.

But as noted above, if you go with the verb, ye becomes with, but if you go with the noun, it becomes used or employed.

When? We discussed at length, so this is just a little note that many translations will render it as cultural refinement or tack on an additional word just so that they can stress this is a virtue being taught and not simply a subject.