Martin Delany

And in a strange, bedfellows kind of way, this idea had appeal to both white nationalists and abolitionists.

But at this point, Martin Delany, the first black nationalist, is against it.

This whole send them back to Africa thing leaves a bad taste in his mouth.

He feels like black people are being pushed out rather than finding self-determination somewhere else.

He studied criminal law.

Marx, Lenin, Mao, Frantz Fanon, W.E.B. Du Bois, Richard Wright, Langston Hughes, Martin Delany, James Baldwin, Ralph Ellison, and of course later, Angela Davis.

And this was all before he, except for Davis, all before he even co-founded the Black Panther Party.

He was a voracious reader while later when he was in Cuba between 74 and 77, over three years, he read 400 books.

We saw, um, the Black community in America as a nation within a nation, which is not new.

Um, Martin Delaney, um, co-worked, uh, worked with Frederick Douglass back in, uh, the 1880s, 18, um, 18, 1859.

And hold that thought right there-

He was at-

But these two things aren't necessarily exclusive of each other.

The other is a Black nationalist Pan-African perspective.

And if I talked about Frederick Douglass and the integrationists, he had a good friend named Martin Delaney.

And Martin Delaney, back in 19- 1852, said that Black people in America constituted a nation within a nation, and a de facto, you know, de facto, not politically.

Prince Hall, his development of the Black Masonic Order that he called the African Lodge.

The search for a place in Africa for settlement by Martin Delaney and Robert Campbell.

1829, David Walker's appeal to the colored people of the world was basically a Pan-African appeal.

All of this before we come down to the end of the 19th century.

Talk about that.

So, I mean, if you look back, Martin Delaney said the black church is the alpha and omega of all things in our community.

And that was in the 1890s, somewhere thereabout.

And that was true.

He's from Jamaica.

He went to what is now Nigeria with Martin Delaney back in the 18th.

Well, he and Martin Delaney went at the same time.

This is the NEA and the Black Teachers, the Integration of Professional Organizations.

I'm raising that to say that this association, the American Teachers Association, When they merged at the Black Teacher Association and the White Teacher Association, the NEA then paid for, there's an NEA, paid for these African teachers to write the history of the associations.