Margrave

These latter ought to have represented the four great nations of which Germany was composed, Franks, Schwabians, Saxons, and Bavarians.

But the duchies of Franconia and Schwabia no longer existed, and the right was exercised by the Count Palatine of the Rhine and the Margrave of Brandenburg, in company with the Dukes of Saxony and Bavaria.

In 1256 the votes of this electoral college had been divided between Richard of Cornwall, brother of Henry III of England, and Alfonso the Wise of Castile.

The former was crowned at Aachen and paid an occasional visit to Germany, but never really took up his office.

Ottokar fought gallantly long after success was hopeless, but was killed treacherously in the end by two Austrian soldiers who attacked him after his surrender, in revenge for his execution of one of their relations for brigandage, and his adversary who had commanded that his life should be spared arrived too late to save him.

The Bohemian defeat was complete.

The kingdom was handed over to the guardianship of Odo, Margrave of Brandenburg, during the minority of the dead Ottokar's young son, Wenzel II of Bohemia.

Wenzel was married to Rudolf's daughter Guta, and his sister Agnes to a son of the emperor.

The Bohemian defeat was complete.

The kingdom was handed over to the guardianship of Odo, Margrave of Brandenburg, during the minority of the dead Ottokar's young son, Wenzel II of Bohemia.

Wenzel was married to Rudolf's daughter Guta, and his sister Agnes to a son of the emperor.

Austria and the two other disputed provinces were bestowed upon Rudolf's two eldest sons Albert and Rudolf, with the exception of Carinthia, which was given to Meinhard of Tyrol, whose daughter was married to Albert.

The rights of the seven electors were more or less established but no provision had been made for the splitting of families and territories into two parts.

Two branches of the Wittelsbach stock ruled in Bavaria.

There were two Margraves of Brandenburg and Henry of Corinthia still laid claim to the Bohemian throne occupied in reality by John of Luxembourg.

There were rival candidates also representing the three leading houses of the time.

End of Part 2 CHAPELMEISTER WITH PRINCE LEOPOLD at girthen he began a new life for one thing he no longer filled the post of organist the court of prince leopold was of the calvinistic faith church services being of a particularly austere nature required no organ playing of a virtuoso type or the production of sacred cantatas such as bach had hitherto been turning out in quantity yet leopold was an ardent music lover whose tastes ran to instrumental composition he maintained an orchestra of eighteen of which bach now became kapellmeister such cantatas as he wrote in curtin were secular ones chiefly in honor of his employer for the most part his creative energies were now concentrated on concertos suites sonatas and clavier works including some of his very greatest instrumental music before bach's day had scarcely achieved what might be called an independent life in the creations of his curtain period we discover in effect the most vigorous roots of our symphonic literature especially in the four suites or overtures as bach called them and the six brandenburg concertos scholars have been unable to decide definitely whether the former were composed in kutyn or in leipsic at all events they were performed before the duke and also before the telemann musical society in leipsic of which the composer was subsequently director the third suite in d is the one comprising the exalted and incomparable which achieved long afterwards a popularity of its own in the transcription of it for the g string by the violinist august wilhelm yet every movement of each suite constitutes a priceless jewel of instrumental music the brandenburg concertos are in a somewhat different case they were composed for christian ludwig margrave of brandenburg and a son of the great elector whom bach appears to have met on a journey with prince leopold Christian Ludwig had a hobby of collecting concertos by various composers, and he commissioned Bach to write him some pieces.

In an elaborate preface, couched in extraordinary French and dated Curtin, March 24, 1721, the composer begged his noble patron to accept these products of his slight talents and to overlook their imperfections.

Whether the private orchestra of the Margrave played the works or not, we cannot say.

Neither do we know if Bach's gift was even acknowledged.

After Christian Ludwig died, the catalogue of his richly stocked library had no mention of Bach's half-dozen trifles.

The prelates were those of Mainz or Mayence, Treves and Cologne.

The secular princes were the Margrave of Brandenburg, the Elector of Saxony, the King of Bohemia and the Elector Palatine.

Any title less than King was gladly merged in the proud title of Elector.

To these seven the Duke of Bavaria was added at the Peace of Westphalia.

There met us at Bruges, for thus it was before agreed, they whom their prince had for that matter appointed commissioners, excellent men all.

The chief and the head of them was the Margrave, as they call him, of Bruges, a right honourable man.

But the wisest and the best spoken of them was George Thameses, Provost of Castle, a man not only by learning but also by nature of singular eloquence, and in the laws profoundly learned, but in reasoning and debating of matters, what by his natural wit and what by daily exercise, surely he had few fellows.

After that we had once or twice met, and upon certain points or articles could not fully and thoroughly agree, they for a certain space took their leave of us and departed to Brussels, there to know their prince's pleasure.

The prelates were those of Mainz or Mayence, Treves and Cologne.

The secular princes were the Margrave of Brandenburg, the Elector of Saxony, the King of Bohemia and the Elector Palatine.

Any title less than King was gladly merged in the proud title of Elector.

To these seven the Duke of Bavaria was added at the Peace of Westphalia.