Manuel Eisner

The kill count.

The criminologist Manuel Eisner at the University of Cambridge has spent years gathering estimates of homicide rates from across European history.

In a major survey published in 2003, he pulled together dozens of studies based on court records, coroner's rolls and other sources.

His averages for Europe as a whole come out at something like 32 homicides per 100,000 people per year in the 13th and 14th centuries and around 41 in the 15th.