Malay

So both ends of the bridge were in the same place, but also there was no foreignizing.

I was just translating into the English that I'd grown up with, that I was surrounded with, that had many features of Chinese and Malay and all the languages of Singapore in it.

And so it was a bit of a shock to the system to encounter the US-UK paradigm, where there is a presumed standard English, which is the one that I have had to train myself to speak and to write in, to have any kind of legibility here.

But that is not the English that I grew up with.

No, it's incredible.

At least Malay, uh, big-

I think Roy Cohn is-

They're literally-

I focus on the premodern and early modern periods of history, so most of my work concerns events before seven- 1700 CE.

And in focusing on these relatively early periods, I'm primarily interested in using source materials that come from the region itself and written in the vernacular or the local languages of the region, so many of the sources I work with, including those that I use for the book, are texts written in old Javanese, Malay, Balinese, Sundanese, and those kinds of languages are the primary focus of my study.

Tell me, how do you wrap your head around all these different languages? How many of these different languages can you, uh, read, speak, understand? It takes some time to learn the languages.

I m- primarily work with old Javanese, Malay, and Balinese.

They're the ones that I use most frequently.

I occasionally make use of Sanskrit materials as well, uh, Sundanese materials.

And in focusing on these relatively early periods, I'm primarily interested in using source materials that come from the region itself and written in the vernacular or the local languages of the region.

So many of the sources I work with, including those that I use for the book, are texts written in Old Japanese, Malay, Balinese, Sundanese, and those kinds of languages are the primary focus of my study.

Tell me, how do you wrap your head around all these different languages? How many of these different languages can you read, speak, understand?

It takes some time to learn the languages.

I primarily work with Old Javanese, Malay and Balinese.

They're the ones that I use most frequently.

I occasionally make use of Sanskrit materials as well, Sundanese materials.

And in focusing on these relatively early periods, I'm primarily interested in using source materials that come from the region itself and written in the vernacular or the local languages of the region.

So many of the sources I work with, including those that I use for the book, are texts written in old Javanese, Malay, Balinese, Sundanese, and those kinds of languages are the primary focus of my study.

Tell me, how do you wrap your head around all these different languages? How many of these different languages can you, uh, read, speak, understand?

It takes some time to learn the languages.

I m- primarily work with old Javanese, Malay, and Balinese.

They're the ones that I use most frequently.

I occasionally make use of Sanskrit materials as well, uh, Sundanese materials.

And in focusing on these relatively early periods, I'm primarily interested in using source materials that come from the region itself and written in the vernacular or the local languages of the region.

So many of the sources I work with, including those that I use for the book, are texts written in Old Japanese, Malay, Balinese, Sundanese, and those kinds of languages are the primary focus of my study.

Tell me, how do you wrap your head around all these different languages? How many of these different languages can you read, speak, understand?

It takes some time to learn the languages.

I primarily work with Old Javanese, Malay and Balinese.

They're the ones that I use most frequently.

I occasionally make use of Sanskrit materials as well, Sundanese materials.

And she was also a perfectionist and she tried having a cook armour, but she didn't meet mum's standards.

And so mum was down in the market, haggling in Malay to buy things.

So she sort of started to, she came out of a shell in, well, probably earlier than that when we moved to Melbourne and she realised that, There were restaurants you could go to, which were a bit of a rarity in London in those days.

And there was a life that you could have outside the home.

And finally, O.

In Malay, the word buka means to what? [timer ticking] Open.

[bell dings] Open.

Yay.