Lugdunum

They built a town here as a base from which to pacify the local Celtic tribes.

The name of the city is Lugdunum, which is a Romanization, a Latinization of Celtic words.

Dunum means a fortification, a fort.

and Lugh is the great Celtic god, the god of light.

We do think that there was a temple up on the top of the hill under where the cathedral is now, a major cult centre to Lugh in this part of the Pyrenees.

But he clearly was an important Gaulish god, as well as in Spain.

After all, the capital of Gaul, Lugdunum, the modern city of Lyon, was called after Luke.

So you find dedications to him all over the place.

Gilloo eleven parts, each in proportion to the magnitude of his services.

Let each take the price of his own blood, and turn as pale as a man who has trodden upon a snake barefooted, or of one who awaits his turn to orate before the altar at Lugdunum.

Why tell how my heart burns hot with rage when I see the people hustled by a mob of retainers attending on one who has defrauded and debauched his ward? or on another who has been condemned by a futile verdict for what matters infamy if the cash be kept the exiled marius carouses from the eighth hour of the day and revels in the wrath of heaven while you poor province win your cause and weep must i not deem these things worthy of the venusian's lamp must i not have my fling at them Should I do better to tell tales about Hercules, or Diomedes, or the bellowing in the labyrinth, or about the flying carpenter and the lad who splashed into the sea? And that in an age when the compliant husband, if his wife may not lawfully inherit, takes money from her paramour, being well trained to keep his eyes upon the ceiling, or to snore with wakeful nose over his cups? an age when one who has squandered his family fortunes upon horse-flesh thinks it right and proper to look for the command of a cohort see him dashing at breakneck speed like a very automedon along the fleminian way holding the reins himself while he shoals himself off to his great coated mistress Would you not like to fill up a whole notebook at the street crossings when you see a forger borne along upon the neck of six porters, and exposed to view on this side and on that in his almost naked litter, and reminding you of the lounging machinists, one who by help of a scrap of paper and a moistened seal has converted himself into a fine and wealthy gentleman? Then up comes a lordly dame who, when her husband wants a drink, mixes toad's blood with his old calenion, and improving upon Locusta herself, teaches her artless neighbours to brave the talk of the town and carry forth to burial the blackened corpses of

their husbands.

Gillo eleven paths, each in proportion to the magnitude of his services.

Let each take the price of his own blood, and turn as pale as a man who has trodden upon a snake barefooted, or of one who awaits his turn to orate before the altar at Lugdunum.

Why tell how my heart burns hot with rage when I see the people hustled by a mob of retainers attending on one who has defrauded and debauched his ward?

or on another

Gilloo eleven parts, each in proportion to the magnitude of his services.

Let each take the price of his own blood, and turn as pale as a man who has trodden upon a snake barefooted, or of one who awaits his turn to orate before the altar at Lugdunum.

Why tell how my heart burns hot with rage when I see the people hustled by a mob of retainers attending on one who has defrauded and debauched his ward?

or on another

The dungeon where he was kept can still be seen today, and later tradition says at one point the apostle Peter was held in the same dungeon.

In 43 BC, the Romans established a town atop a hill... at the confluence of two rivers, the Rhône and the Saône, and they called the town Lugdunum, Lugdunum.

Today, we know it as Lyon.

It was initially settled there, Lugdun, and then a neighboring town, Wien, or Vienna, but don't think Austria-Wien.

We know some of you want to stay here.

We'll form these two towns.

Lugdunum became the capital of Roman Gaul, a hub for the Roman road system.

Today, the ancient city is known as Lyon, the second largest metropolitan area in France.

Gillo eleven parts, each in proportion to the magnitude of his services.

Let each take the price of his own blood, and turn as pale as a man who has trodden upon a snake barefooted, or of one who awaits his turn to orate before the altar at Lugdunum.

Why tell how my heart burns hot with rage when I see the people hustled by a mob of retainers attending on one who has defrauded and debauched his ward? or on another who has been condemned by a futile verdict for what matters infamy if the cash be kept the exiled marius carouses from the eighth hour of the day and revels in the wrath of heaven while you poor province win your cause and weep Must I not deem these things worthy of the Venusian's lamp? Must I not have my fling at them? Should I do better to tell tales about Hercules, or Diomedes, or the bellowing in the labyrinth, or about the flying carpenter and the lad who splashed into the sea? And that in an age when the compliant husband, if his wife may not lawfully inherit, takes money from her paramour, being well trained to keep his eyes upon the ceilings, or to snore with wakeful nose over his cups? An age when one who has squandered his family fortunes upon horse-flesh thinks it right and proper to look for the command of a cohort? See him dashing at breakneck speed, like a very automedon, along the Fleminian way, holding the reins himself, while he shoals himself off to his great coated mistress.

Would you not like to fill up a whole notebook at the street crossings when you see a forger borne along upon the neck of six porters, and exposed to view on this side and on that in his almost naked litter? And reminding you of the lounging machinists, one who by help of a scrap of paper and a moistened seal has converted himself into a fine and wealthy gentleman?" Then up comes a lordly dame who, when her husband wants a drink, mixes toad's blood with his old calenion, and improving upon Locusta herself, teaches her artless neighbours to brave the talk of the town and carry forth to burial the blackened

He was subsequently sent on to Pannonia to repel an invasion there by the Dacians, a people from the Eastern Balkans, and put down another uprising of Dalmatians along the coast of the Western Balkans.

It was in the late summer that Drusus the Elder's second son, a boy who was named Claudius, was born in Lugdunum, the Roman name for the city of Lyon in Gaul.

This Claudius would one day many decades later become Emperor of Rome, despite suffering from a limp and partial deafness, disabilities which typically rendered an individual unfit to hold office in the eyes of the Romans.

He would never know his father, as Tiberius's brother, Drusus the Elder, died after falling from his horse while campaigning in Germania the following year.

What did it look like?

So the standard denarius circulating in Judea at that time was minted in Lugdunum, which is modern-day Lyon in France, and it bore the very crisp, very arrogant profile of the reigning emperor, Tiberius Caesar.

The imagery and the text on this money are what make it so explosive in a Jewish context.

Yeah.

One can see the remains of an early church building at Caerleon, dated by radiocarbon to the early fourth century, that reflected both the newfound confidence of Christian leaders and their access to imperial resources.

Moreover, Constantine's reign brought about a reordering of ecclesiastical hierarchy, with bishops in key provincial capitals such as Lugdunum, Lyon, Milan, and by extension Eboracum, gaining papal recognition which helped legitimize their influence within Britain's Roman administration.

Although the political machinery of the empire was already showing signs of strain, the institutional backing Christianity received under Constantine meant that Christian communities could maintain continuity even as the eastern legions were gradually pulled back to defend frontiers threatened by Germanic incursions.

When Roman authority finally withdrew from Britain in the early fifth century, due to a combination of financial exhaustion, internal revolts, and the pressing need to defend the Danes, many provincial institutions collapsed, but Christianity proved remarkably resilient, particularly in the northern parts of the island.