And how would you classify surgeons in this space in terms of adoption of new technologies? Are they quick to adopt? Is there a lot of show me before they step forward? What's the attitude like?

Well, I think that for, and I'm going to talk about two different groups.

First, I'm going to talk about surgeons that are not involved in structural heart, okay? Surgeons who are not involved in structural heart, everything that a surgeon does is based on years and years of evidence and data, right? We've been doing the same procedures for 60 years with very little difference, right? So I'm not going to change what I'm doing until there is evidence suggests that there is something equally as good.

So when you think about TAVR, we started with a patient population who were high-risk or inoperable.

They didn't have the choice of surgery.

They were already excluded from that pathway.

Now there is choice.

What was that conversation like? And did you always, it feels as if you perhaps had this as a potential path, career path for you moving into industry or was it more serendipitous than that?

And how would you classify surgeons in this space in terms of adoption of new technologies? Are they quick to adopt? Is there a lot of show me before they step forward? What's the attitude like?

Well, I think that for, and I'm going to talk about two different groups.

First, I'm going to talk about surgeons that are not involved in structural heart, okay? Surgeons who are not involved in structural heart, everything that a surgeon does is based on years and years of evidence and data, right? We've been doing the same procedures for 60 years with very little difference, right? So I'm not going to change what I'm doing until there is evidence suggests that there is something equally as good.

So when you think about TAVR, we started with a patient population who were high-risk or inoperable.

They didn't have the choice of surgery.

They were already excluded from that pathway.

Now there is choice.

What was that conversation like? And did you always, it feels as if you perhaps had this as a potential path, career path for you moving into industry or was it more serendipitous than that?