Can you talk about what you did while in federal government and how important that's been to litigation today? And then also, where, where does the effectiveness of that thing really stop?

Certainly, Ilana, there's a lot there.

Um, this started over twenty years ago.

Uh, during the George W. Bush administration, I was put in charge of civil rights enforcement involving education.

At that time, uh, Jewish students were not viewed as being covered by Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of nineteen sixty-four, which is the key statute in the area.

And for that reason, when Jewish students filed complaints with the appropriate agency, those complaints were routinely dismissed.

I developed the policy under which the federal government now says that for Jewish or other, uh, ethno-religious groups', um, claims, uh, if a, uh, group, uh, has a shared, uh, ethnic or ancestral background and also a shared faith, the fact that it has a shared faith cannot divest the agency of jurisdiction.

Does that in some way undermine the effectiveness of federal action?