All righty, my colleague Dr. Ferdinand is gonna take the talking stick here and walk us through stroke prevention and some care areas that tend to break down.

Thank you, Dr. Needham.

As most of you know, atrial fibrillation is the most common of the chronic arrhythmias.

As a cardiologist, we see it quite often, and as a primary care clinician, I'm sure you also do.

For stroke prevention with AF, there are four key points that we need to cover.

First of all is missing the diagnosis.

or delay in confirming the diagnosis.

So Dr. Ferdinand, take us through our last learning objective here.

All righty, my colleague Dr. Ferdinand is gonna take the talking stick here and walk us through stroke prevention and some care areas that tend to break down.

Thank you, Dr. Needham.

As most of you know, atrial fibrillation is the most common of the chronic arrhythmias.

As a cardiologist, we see it quite often, and as a primary care clinician, I'm sure you also do.

For stroke prevention with AF, there are four key points that we need to cover.

First of all is missing the diagnosis.

or delay in confirming the diagnosis.

So Dr. Ferdinand, take us through our last learning objective here.

I was curious if he had any regrets about his help in getting the drug approved.

There were some misgivings among the Black cardiologists at that time of even doing a study in a self-identified Black population.

But here's what motivated us.

Black patients were rarely part of any of the major studies in cardiovascular medicine, and it's still true today.

Heart failure is the number one cause of admission in the Medicare population, and it's increasing.

There's a white-Black mortality gap.

Black patients have more heart failure and more death from heart failure.

So how were you feeling then when the FDA approved BiDil only for Black patients?