K. Shanmugam
8
MENTIONS
4
EPISODES
4
PODCASTS
Search complete. 8 mentions across 4 episodes found for "K. Shanmugam".
Oct 5, 2026
John RobertsHOST
County Commissioners of Boulder County.
John RobertsHOST
Mr. Shanmugam.
Kannon ShanmugamGUEST
Thank you, Mr.
Kannon ShanmugamGUEST
Chief Justice, and may it please the Court.
55 MINS LATER
Brett KavanaughGUEST
Can I just ask on that? That's a very complicated inquiry.
Brett KavanaughGUEST
Direct effects, predictable effects.
Brett KavanaughGUEST
Our court, this court, has said four times that interstate air and water pollution are matters for federal law unless Congress preserves or, in Mr. Shanmugam's words, authorizes state law.
Brett KavanaughGUEST
Doesn't that take care of the issue? I mean, I guess I'm not sure why you're leading with this more difficult inquiry than the one that our precedents have set forth since 1972.
Brett KavanaughUNKNOWN
That's a very complicated inquiry, um, uh direct effects, predictable effects.
Brett KavanaughUNKNOWN
Uh, our court, this court, has said four times that interstate air and water pollution are federal, are matters for federal law unless Congress preserves, or in Mr. Shanmugam's words, authorizes state law.
Brett KavanaughUNKNOWN
Doesn't that take care of the issue? What...
Brett KavanaughUNKNOWN
I mean, I guess I'm not sure why w- you're leading with this more difficult inquiry than the one that our precedents have set forth since 1972.
John RobertsMODERATOR
County Commissioners of Boulder County.
John RobertsMODERATOR
Mr. Shanmugam.
Kannon ShanmugamGUEST
Thank you, Mr.
Kannon ShanmugamGUEST
Chief Justice, and may it please the Court.
55 MINS LATER
Brett KavanaughPANELIST
Can I just ask on that? That's a very complicated inquiry.
Brett KavanaughPANELIST
Direct effects, predictable effects.
Brett KavanaughPANELIST
Our court, this court, has said four times that interstate air and water pollution are matters for federal law unless Congress preserves or, in Mr. Shanmugam's words, authorizes state law.
Brett KavanaughPANELIST
Doesn't that take care of the issue? I mean, I guess I'm not sure why you're leading with this more difficult inquiry than the one that our precedents have set forth since 1972.
Linda BrubakerHOST
This law enabled Medicare to negotiate prices for some drugs later in their market lifecycle and prevented Medicare from paying more if post-launch prices increased faster than inflation.
Linda BrubakerHOST
Dr. Shanmugam and colleagues reviewed 643 newly marketed FDA-approved drugs from 2008 through 2025.
Linda BrubakerHOST
Median launch prices rose from just under $39,000 in 2008 through 2013 to more than $254,000 in 2020 through 2025.
Linda BrubakerHOST
Before the Inflation Reduction Act passed in 2022, adjusted launch prices increased by 7.8% per year.