What would you identify as the main obstacles to repatriation, and does your research across Iraq, Indonesia, and North Macedonia suggest those obstacles are consistent regardless of context?

Yeah, absolutely.

So I think that the key word even in the question there is what is political and what states are politically willing to do.

So in terms of the consistency of those obstacles, they have something in common with regard to the fact that they're going to be inherently political.

So the decisions, because of a lack of enforceability or a certain...

The ambiguity surrounding the international legal framework that we just talked about, the decisions taken by states become essentially political and administrative in nature.

And so in my research and what I came across in Iraq, Indonesia, North Macedonia, the considerations leading to obstacles were political.

If another conflict were to generate a new wave of foreign fighters, will you say the legal international system is better prepared today than it was in 2014?