James J. Gibson

And this boundary is just like in a mass prediction, they're created by particular properties of your body of organization of the visual system.

Now, the other conception of space comes from James Gibson, a very important figure in psychology and, shall we say, neuroscience of the 20th century.

Anybody, I don't know if there are cognitive psychologists here or cognitive scientists, but then Gibson is the key figure in how we think today about human behavior and experience.

Gibson, this is just, I took one example, because it connects to Mac, so directly, he took the same idea from Mach, and he drew the same, essentially the same drawing, the person in the reclining chair, the frame of the world, given by your body, your nose, your eyebrow, walls, but he put it in motion.

The person enters the room and goes through location one, two, three, four, just walking through, and the question is what the person experiences.

To understand visual experience of the person in architecture, they use a device called ISOVIST.

It's an idea essentially derived from James Gibson's ecological optics.

It's essentially a polygon presented here in light blue.

I mean, so did you, just quickly Lee, did you ever meet Ms. Rand or did you just watch her and Mr. O'Connor walk down the street?

Yeah, no, I never actually talked to her myself, unfortunately, because I could have, I would really have, would have liked to, even as just a young student, I would have liked to introduce her to James Gibson and, the perception, the best perception psychologist, because I think that would have been extremely interesting.

But it wasn't, you know, in my time, you had to use Pony Express to send messages from, you know, one school to another.

It's not like now where you have the internet and so on.

love it.

Listen, there's a guy out there, not my work, work of a guy named James Gibson.

And he did work in what's called ecological psychology.

And he didn't mean the environment with regard to, you know, plants and trees, although it could apply there.

And now for another Human Factors Minute.

Affordances, coined by psychologist James Gibson in 1966, are detailed as what an environment offers to an individual.

Further detailed later by computer interaction researcher Don Norman as a relationship between properties of an object and the capabilities of the agent that determine just how the object could be possibly used, or action possibilities.

Affordances imply what interactions for users are possible in our everyday life, physically and digitally.

Mm-hmm

... th- th- all these terms get change, you know, semantic drift, et cetera, but people sort of take a sexy term like affordances, which was, I, I think coined by Gibson, yeah, by James Gibson, um, and means a very specific thing, and then, uh, it- it's kind of a unique term, and then people just kind of have brought it into the computationalist approach, right? So an affordance is the, um, [lip smack] essentially the, uh, what is available for action essentially in the, in an organism's environment.

Yes.

Uh, but it has become a r- And so that has nothing to do with like, you don't represent an affordance.