JAMA Psychiatry

From the JAMA Network, this is JAMA Psychiatry Author Interviews, conversations with authors exploring the latest clinical research, reviews, and opinions featured in JAMA Psychiatry.

Hello, and welcome to our listeners around the world.

You're listening to the JAMA Psychiatry Author Interview Podcast.

I'm your host and web editor, Dr. John Torous.

Today, we're thrilled to be discussing a new paper just out in JAMA Psychiatry, Clostrum Transcriptome Alterations in Schizophrenia.

We're about to be joined by the senior author of the paper, Dr. David A. Lewis, MD, in the Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Deep in each hemisphere of the brain sits a thin sheet of gray matter called the colostrum.

This is from the University of Southampton, covering a new research paper on the topic.

Quote, a new paper published in JAMA Psychiatry reviewed 134 studies and found that the term neurodivergence is being used inconsistently in relation to over a dozen different clinical diagnoses across the different studies.

These included neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism, ADHD, and dyslexia, but also many other psychiatric diagnoses like depression and anxiety and neurological disorders.

One in five studies used the term without referring to any specific clinical diagnosis at all without defining it.

Chag Wetterer and colleagues at UCSF put that idea to the test.

Published this month in JAMA Psychiatry.

First, some background.

The Mediterranean-style diet treated depression in three earlier randomized trials, but that approach asks patients to do two things at once.

Let's finish with something that tends to generate strong opinions.

A study published in JAMA Psychiatry examined 64 healthy men and looked at how their reported pornography consumption related to brain structure and activity.

The researchers found that men who reported more weekly pornography use tended to have lower gray matter volume in a particular region of the right caudate, which is involved in reward-related processing.

They also found lower activity in another reward-related region while participants viewed sexual images, along with differences in connectivity involving the prefrontal cortex.

The study also revealed a more than 70% increase in the two eating disorders globally over the same period, which equates to some 18 million people worldwide living with anorexia or bulimia in 2023.

The study, published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry from the American Medical Association, found Australia had the highest rate of any country in the world for people with the two conditions.

If you or anyone you know needs support for eating disorders, please contact the Butterfly Foundation National Support Line and online services.

Those details are in the show notes.

Again, empirical questions, then empirical answers.

So the question that this specific article in JAMA Psychiatry answered, and this is called changes in genetic contributions to ASD and ADHD by year of diagnosis.

These researchers asked the question, has the genetic risk profile of individuals diagnosed with ASD and ADHD changed as diagnostic rates have increased? And here's what they found.

with 17,071 people in the study with diagnosis of ASD and 20,111 individuals with ADHD diagnosis, genetic contributions, and I wanna say this very carefully and very precisely, genetic contributions to ASD and ADHD weakened over the past two decades.