International Labor Defense

Victoria Price never recanted.

Defense attorney Samuel Leibowitz retained through the International Labor Defense used the medical findings and Bates' testimony.

But Alabama jurors continued to convict.

In 1933, Judge James Horton set aside one Patterson conviction after reviewing the evidence.

Useful episode threads at the rest of the record include the gap between the medical examinations and the verdicts.

Bates recantation.

Recantation against Price's unchanged account, the competing involvement of the NAACP, and the communist-linked international labor defense.

Judge Horton's decision to set aside a jury verdict, the two Supreme Court rulings on counsel and jury composition, and the more than 80 years between the arrests and the final pardons.

They kidnapped, beat, and threatened to kill several union members.

The rampage continued as scab forces moved on to Charlotte to raid the offices of the International Labor Defense, who had handled the striker's case.

Five days into the terror, Wiggins was killed on her way to a union solidarity rally.

outrage over her murder forced mill owners to improve conditions and wages.