Hunkpapa

One scholar who has written extensively about collective trauma across generations is Maria Yellow Horse Braveheart.

Maria is a Hunkpapa and Ogala Lakota social worker and researcher whose work focused on the effects of colonization, forced removal, boarding schools, cultural destruction, and other collective losses experienced by Native communities.

She developed the concept of historical trauma to describe the cumulative emotional and psychological effects of those experiences across generations.

Mormon settlers were not in the same historical position as native people living through genocide, colonization, and disposition.

Our guests are three people who I admire greatly.

Jodi Archambault, who is Hunkpapa and Oglala Lakota, is an acclaimed advocate and an original solutionist who applies a transformative lens, whether in policy or, or activism, to drive the visibility of, expand understanding about, and maximize impact and opportunity for indigenous peoples and indigenous rights.

She's founder of ONPO, an organization that focuses on the deep interconnectedness of indigenous lands, languages, and cultures.

She's also the host of the podcast On Standing Rock, which is a 10-year retrospective of the resistance related to the pipeline.

Okay.

So I would just start off by saying that there's a lot of starting with the perspective of who I am.

I'm Lakota Hunkpapa Oglala, and I was raised with my people on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, currently live in Standing Rock.

And I have been just a part of our people, and we have an understanding of land that isn't very well known.

The young climbers who would join her ranged from their teens to their mid-20s.

There is Chayton Remley, a 21-year-old who's Hunkpapa Lakota and Paiute.

I am personally here because I want to, and I like expressing my free will a lot.

So anyways, this is one of those moments.

By the late 1850s, an uneasy calm had settled over the Great Plains.

The Western migration of settlers pressing ever deeper into indigenous lands turned frustration into resentment as pressure grew on the Lakota way of life.

The great buffalo herds still stretched across enormous areas of the plains, but the world around them was changing.

Emigrant trails, forts, and settlements were cutting into hunting grounds, and competition for resources was becoming increasingly violent.

The forest, once teemed with game, now fell silent.

Recent outbreaks of violence between native peoples and Western settlers had resulted in swift American retaliation.

General William S. Harney's brutal massacre of the Lakota in 1855 had threatened to set the Great Plains alight, but cooler heads had prevailed.

Terms had been reached between Lakota chiefs and U.S. officials, promises once again exchanged.

So not every tribe is gonna be the same.

Like the Lakota, my Hunkpapa side, they consider the N- the, uh, Bigfoot people as allies.

They're forest brothers.

But not so in the Nootka, you know, legends and lore.