Greenland ice sheet

partly along the 45 degrees west meridian on the ice cap.

The large interior of the park is part of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but there are also large ice-free areas along the coast and on Perry Land, P-E-A-R-Y, in the north.

The park includes King Frederick VIII Land and King Christian X Land geographical areas.

I encourage you to look at Wikipedia and other sources for a map of the Greenland Northeast Greenland National Park.

This is something that today is well established.

We've mapped 16 large tipping point systems, the Greenland ice sheet, the Amazon rainforest, the Antarctic ice sheet, the Atlantic overturning of heat in the North Atlantic, and so on.

We can come back to them.

And the evidence now shows that if we exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius, despite the uncertainty in science, we're likely to cross thresholds that irreversibly will push these systems from stability and resilience capacity to buffer stress and thereby cool the planet, to start self-amplifying warming and become unstable and undermining life support for humans.

And many of the large systems on Earth fulfill the following criteria.

They have what we call multiple stable states.

So here you have the Greenland Ice Sheet.

It is 3,000 meters thick, so it's a very high altitude.

So, therefore, we need to dive into the climate of the past, what we call paleoclimates in climate sciences.

We can actually go through the Greenland Ice Sheet or the Antarctic Ice Sheet because we can dig into the ice to get these kind of so-called ice cores.

And within these ice cores, we can actually look at all different kind of layers.

And sometimes within these layers, we find these kind of bubbles.

And within these kind of ice cores, we see very abrupt transitions.

And to explain these transitions, you need to have like an AMOC that goes from a strong state to a weak state and vice versa.

So those kind of records from the deep past, from the Greenland ice sheet, gives us very strong evidence that the AMOC has switched from its difference to weight in the past.

All right, I talked to Dr. Matthew England from Australia, and he put out the paper, Abyssal Ocean Overturning Slowdown and Warming Driven by Antarctic Meltwater.

Aircrews young enough to still believe nothing could go wrong, something went wrong.

The weather closed in over the Greenland ice cap.

Weather in that part of the world does not negotiate.

It moves fast and it moves hard, and on July 15th it moved hard on that eight-ship formation.

They diverted, they tried to find clear air, and eventually one by one they set down, not on a runway, not on a grass strip, on the ice cap itself.

The Greenland ice cap, which covers roughly 700,000 square miles and in places runs more than 10,000 feet deep, Every single crew member survived.

That part of the story has a good ending, at least for the men.

The airplanes were a different matter.