glioma

Now, We could go back in a little bit and talk about NAD and oxidative stress because that's where neurodegeneration comes on.

So in glioma cell lines, the enzyme NAMPT, the salvage enzyme that regenerates NAD, it increases NADH because NAD is synthesized.

And that NADH in NADH, Glioma cells will protect against oxidative stress that's promoting gliomas, which of course are cancers.

What about other cancers? Well, in breast cancer, increased NAD converted to NADPH.

Remember how that functions too.

One of the most common is a glioblastoma, okay? In terms of brain cancers, and it is sometimes considered the most aggressive primary or tumor that starts in the brain cancer in adults.

And unfortunately, there are gliomas that can be not so aggressive, and then there's aggressive ones such as a glioblastoma, and these can actually penetrate into normal brain tissue, making surgical removal very difficult without harming the patient.

So a glioma is a tumor arising from the brain's certain kind of tissue, the glial cell lineage, and some of these grow slowly and some of them are more cancerous and actually aggressive and malignant in nature.

And it's a spectrum from benign to super aggressive cancer.

And so a glioblastoma is the one that gets a lot of bad press, and that's a grade four glioma.

And so it's a little confusing there, and then there's also what we call astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, all kind of under this glioma category, and this is where I'm gonna talk for the next several minutes.

So a glioblastoma is the most scary, most aggressive brain cancer that starts in the brain, and there's a lot of confusion because like I said, that one is scary for sure, and a lot of people die of it, kids and adults, but there's also a lot of confusion around that where people will say, "My dad died of brain cancer," but actually it was, the way we consider it, it was a lung tumor which behaves differently, or a breast tumor, or whatever kind of cancer that actually spread to the brain and then continued to grow and acted and caused problems, just like a primary.

So that's what we talk about, the difference between a m- the difference between a primary tumor and a metastatic spreading tumor.