Glial fibrillary acidic protein

And that leads into biomarker science.

P tau 217, P tau 181, GFAP, neurofilament light, amyloid ratios, cerebrospinal fluid signals.

The common thread running through everything is orally intervention.

Davidson's ultimate argument is that both cardiovascular disease and Alzheimer's become much harder to stop once symptoms appear.

So AFC is an extremely rare leukodystrophy.

It's caused by changes in the GFAP gene that lead to its overproduction of the corresponding protein and therefore toxic accumulation in glial cells.

So there's a scientific explanation.

And Zanvastro is an antisense drug that binds to the RNA to decrease the body's production of this protein.

Yeah.

But the last one is called glial fibrillate acidic protein, GFAP.

Okay.

So if you are Alzheimer's ApoE44, you want to get GFAP, glial fibrillate acidic acid, because if that's positive, your 10 year risk down the line is going to be high, you're going to develop dementia.

You don't have to do that biomarker if you're not ApoE44.

Okay.

It landed more than two weeks ahead of the September 22nd decision date.

It's an antisense drug that lowers GFAP, the protein that drives the disease.

We flagged that date on Tuesday's calendar.

And an early approval is its own signal.

I see a lot of the teething problems that we're having here is kind of smoothing the way to the next test that we hopefully can implement in this context, where we learn how to sort of speak to you guys, the laboratorians, and then also communicate these results to our patients.

And in the future, that future implementation for other biomarkers, for instance, glial fibrillary acetic protein, GFAP, which is I guess, rapidly coming behind neurofilament, in my opinion, as another useful biomarker can follow much more rapidly.

And I think we're already starting to see the utility of combining biomarkers in that way.

So we've shown data and as have many other groups that actually the combination of neurofilament and glial fibrillary acidic protein as a pair is actually greater than either one of those markers in isolation, particularly around that prognostic time point at the very beginning of the disease.

There's amyloid beta 4240 ratio.

There's GFAP.

There's lots of new markers coming out.

And there'll be more and more because it's just such a growing area of research.

Perfeito, um radar.

E além disso, eles também usaram camundongos transgênicos repórteres, que possuem um marcador chamado GFAP.

E o que isso faz?

Nesses animais, sempre que ocorre astrocitose, que é aquela inflamação grave no cérebro...