Getúlio Vargas

Worse, the geographic concentration of the lobbies bred regionalism as different industries jostled for federal patronage.

But quantity has a quality of its own, and the fact that Brazil avoided fragmentation that befell Spanish America meant that it became a regional leader almost by default.

modern brazil dominates the continent bordering every south american state except for chile and ecuador and these borders are reinforced by geographic fortifications including the northern amazon the western andes and the southwestern pantanal swamplands This gave Brazil the cover needed to expand onto the Cerrado, a greenland-sized tropical savanna containing most of its arable land.

But going from colony to great power was not easy.

And the elevated interior also poses obstacles to developing national infrastructures, imposing geographic fragmentation and further exacerbating regionalism.

Even so, crisis has occasionally spurred Brazil to attempt to overcome these constraints.

Collapsing global markets in the 1930s induced a payment crisis, but it also weakened agribusiness lobbies, allowing Brazil's autocratic leader Getúlio Vargas to pursue industrial development based on import substitution.

His economic nationalist prescriptions included domestic subsidies, import quotas, and tariffs to shield Brazilian industries from foreign competition.

being a law issued by the government.

Getúlio Vargas, our dictatorship at that time, he issued this law.

So women were forbidden to play football until 1979.

So it's going to be something very important here this world women's football

Where does Brazil's modern history start? I suppose, you know, dividing line in a way is 1930 and the revolution.

Although, in fact, it was a... a civil war, really, between different factions of Brazil's elites that brought Getúlio Vargas, a military guy who'd been governor of the southernmost state of Rio Grande do Sul, right on the border with Uruguay.

And this ended...

This ended the First Republic in Brazil.

Well, in Brazil, we use this diplomatic pragmatism, and this has dated from since the Second World War.

So at the time of the Second World War, the president was Getúlio Vargas, and he was comfortable to deal with Nazi Germany as well as Europe and trade.

And there was not like a moral conflict.

limitation to that, and that you can see this falling from Cold War with the Soviet Union and the US again.

And Lula will become the longest-serving democratic leader of Brazil.

Only Getúlio Vargas stayed longer than him, but part of the mandate as a dictator.

And of course, the emperors, who were nothing like democratic.

And so it's amazing that we are seeing history being made.

Sim, importante

...que é importante, né? Foi criada em 42 pelo governo Getúlio Vargas pra explorar a primeira grande mina de minério de ferro, hematita, a, a mina aberta do país.

Num, numa acordo, na época, feito com os aliados, que precisava de mais minério de ferro pra indústria bélica em meio à Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Então era grande demanda, não é? É, e Itabira participou atendendo essa demanda, o governo brasileiro atendendo essa demanda através do minério de Itabira.

Okay.

So, Getulio Vargas and FDR were famous friends.

You can find black and white photos on Google images of them riding together in Brazil in the cars and stuff at the time.

Thanks to the Great Alliance, the Brazilian Expeditionary Forces in Italy were led by General Mark Clark.

En el siglo XIX.

Luego estaba Getúlio Vargas, que es el que crea ese estado más moderno brasileño en el siglo XX y es Lula da Silva-

Sí

...en el siglo XXI.

Essa é uma dificuldade que eu tenho, porque também não adianta você fazer uma ruptura de determinado tempo, o que FHC tentou fazer no Brasil.

Lembremos, FHC emerge nos anos 90 dizendo que queria enterrar, ééé, Getúlio Vargas.

Pois bem, o varguismo mantém-se muito vivo e o, o PSDB está morto.

Então, [riso] é, a, a história, né, você tem ali alguns espasmos e, e não necessariamente esse espasmo vai significar um fruto duradouro.