Gaspard Bauhin

And because where the small intestine joins with the cecum, so the ileum joins with the cecum, that has a valve there.

That's called the valve of Braun, B-A-U-H-I-N.

He was a German surgeon.

And you've got the valve of Gerlach for the appendix.

Leonard Fuchs was brought into fame by his successful treatment of one of these epidemics.

It should also be recalled that while Gaspard Bauhin, one of the best known of the later herbalists, was practicing as a physician at Basel, no less than three of these terrible outbreaks occurred in the town.

Matteoli was the son of a doctor, and his early life was passed in Venice, where his father was in practice.

He was destined for the law, but his inherited tastes led him away from the jurisprudence to medicine.

They were an advance on all previous plant drawing except the work of Gesner and Camerarius in giving, in many cases, detailed analysis of the flowers and fruits as well as habit drawings.

We owe to Colonna also the technical use of the word petal, which he suggested as a descriptive term for the coloured floral leaves.

By means of his wide scientific correspondence, Colonna kept in touch with many of the naturalists of his time, notably with Delille Cluze and Gaspard Bauhin.

A passing reference may be made here to a book which is rather of the nature of a local flora than a herbal, entitled Prosperi Alpini de Plantis Aegypti, which was published at Venice in 1592.

Although the larger classificatory divisions, as now understood, were not recognized by these early workers, they had at least a dim understanding of the distinction between genera and species.

This dates back to Theophrastus, who showed, by grouping together different species of oaks figs etc that he had some conception of a genus we owe to conrad gessner the first formulation of the idea that genera should be denoted by substantive names he was probably the earliest botanist who clearly expounded the distinction between a genus and a species in one of his letters he writes and we may hold this for certain that there are scarcely any plants that constitute a genus which may not be divided into two or more species the ancients describe one species of gentian i know of ten or more very little of gessner's botanical work was ever published and it was left to fabio colonna to put before the botanical world the true nature of genera he held the most enlightened views on the subject and in sixteen sixteen clearly stated in his ekphrasis that genera should not be based on similarities of leaf form since the affinities of plants are indicated not by the leaf but by the characteristic of the flower the receptacle and especially the seed he brought forward instances to show that previous authors had sometimes placed a plant in the wrong genus because they only attended to the leaves and ignored the structure of the flower In the writings of Gaspard Bauhin, at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century, the binary system of nomenclature is used with a high degree of consistency, each species bearing a generic and specific name, though sometimes a third or even a fourth descriptive word is added.

Those extra words are not, however, really essential.

In the preface to Phytopinax, 1596, Bauhin states that for the sake of clearness, he has applied one name to each plant and also added some easily recognizable character.

It is also not surprising that the marsh marigold, cultha, the waterlilies, nymphaea, and nufar, the manthium and frogbit hydrocharis should follow one another or that de lobel should have brought together the broom rape orobanchi the toothwort lathrora the bird's nest orchid neotia and a large number of fungi In this latter instance, the author has really arrived at genuine biological, though not morphological, groups.

He has recognized, on the one hand, the marked uniformity of the type of leaf characteristic of swimming water plants, and on the other hand, he has observed the leaflessness and absence of green color, which are negative features common to so many saprophytes and parasites.

The perception of natural affinities among plants, which in the 16th and 17th centuries was gradually, in a dim, instinctive fashion, arising in men's minds, is perhaps best expressed in the work of Gaspard Bauhin, especially in his Pinox Theatri Botanici, 1623.

This work is divided into twelve books, each book being further subdivided into sections, comprehending a variable number of genera.