And really, I think what's important to state as well is that those dimensions are things that we all hold right that it's it's where you are on the spectrum on that dimension that determines the threshold perhaps for a personality disorder so can you i guess i'm going to ask you a few things can you tell us how we, in this most recent version of the DSM-5, develop two models instead of just having one, a little bit of what that background is, and then maybe we can talk about how the second model is particularly useful.

Yeah, we can go back to 1980 and the DSM-3 when what is the most classic description of, oh, by the way, when I talk about descriptions of disorders, I want to make sure our audience knows there's a whole field called nosology.

Most people don't know the term.

Nosology is the study of categories of illness and descriptions of illness.

And it's a very important field because over time, the way we understand and categorize illnesses changes according to science and what we learn and understand.

So the DSM has been adapting to more recent research about personality.

Getting back to the DSM-3 in 1980, it was this categorical model based mostly on clinical observation and description.

I think

And really, I think what's important to state as well is that those dimensions are things that we all hold right that it's it's where you are on the spectrum on that dimension that determines the threshold perhaps for a personality disorder so can you i guess i'm going to ask you a few things can you tell us how we, in this most recent version of the DSM-5, develop two models instead of just having one, a little bit of what that background is, and then maybe we can talk about how the second model is particularly useful.

Yeah, we can go back to 1980 and the DSM-3 when what is the most classic description of, oh, by the way, when I talk about descriptions of disorders, I want to make sure our audience knows there's a whole field called nosology.

Most people don't know the term.

Nosology is the study of categories of illness and descriptions of illness.

And it's a very important field because over time, the way we understand and categorize illnesses changes according to science and what we learn and understand.

So the DSM has been adapting to more recent research about personality.

Getting back to the DSM-3 in 1980, it was this categorical model based mostly on clinical observation and description.

I think