Fox River

General Dodge from Galena with 130 mounted men joined me on the 1st of September, and on the 6th we received the Portage.

Major Whistler had arrived from Green Bay on the 1st of September at a point on Fox River opposite with two companies of the 2nd Regiment, a company of militia and a body of New York and Menominee Indians.

Two of the offenders on our near approach were surrendered to Major Whistler on the 3rd of September.

On the 8th, the Winnebago chiefs who had assembled at the Portage met me in council and delivered up two other offenders.

General Dodge from Galena with 130 mounted men joined me on the 1st of September, and on the 6th we received the portage.

Major Whistler had arrived from Green Bay on the 1st of September, at a point on Fox River opposite, with two companies of the 2nd Regiment, a company of militia and a body of New York and Menominee Indians.

Two of the offenders on our near approach were surrendered to Major Whistler on the 3rd of September.

On the 8th, the Winnebago chiefs who had assembled at the portage met me in council and delivered up two other offenders.

So a lot of stuff is right around there.

It's right by the Fox River, too.

Yeah.

And just, like, a really cool place.

I think in 1816 he fitted out 240 boats.

each one containing two traders and from four to six hands the two traders were only for this year congress having by law forbidden foreigners being licensed to trade with indians all his traders had hitherto been canadians astor was compelled that year to send united states citizens and sent out two hundred young clerks from city counting-houses of whom to make indian traders as they knew nothing of the traps connected with the business astor had to send his old traders with them as hands but a single year sufficed to make them all first-rate men the yankees being always at home at a trade and they easily took up with the traps leaving the frenchmen to seek other pursuits i did not visit green bay until october or november i found the troops in quarters prepared for them by colonel grashit the engineer who accompanied colonel miller to the post note colonel john miller the first american officer in command at green bay was a native of virginia he had served with great reputation during the war of eighteen twelve to fifteen after his command at green bay he was appointed register of the public lands in the howard district missouri and was subsequently elected governor of that state and for several years a member of congress he died near florissant missouri march eighteenth eighteen forty six l c d and note which the latter left in command of colonel chambers and returned to mackinaw and afterwards to detroit that year leaving the post at mackinaw in command of brevet colonel john mcneill brother-in-law of the present president pierce at which post were also stationed at the same time captain benjamin k pierce and lieutenant john pierce of the artillery both brothers of president pierce the former now general b k pierce i believe is still living and still in service at least he was in eighteen forty eight when i had the pleasure to see him in this place by receiving a call from him when passing through the fort at green bay i think called fort howard was built lower down fox river and nearer the lake than any of the settlements and on the right as you ascended the river the settlement was a promising and a pleasant one having comfortable houses framed buildings of two stories with numerous small farms under good cultivation and the land very productive in corn wheat grass etc so rapid was the vegetation that it was gravely asserted that they could hear and see the corn growing colonel miller experienced no difficulty from the indians in establishing his post though something of this had been anticipated from the winnebagoes a bold and warlike tribe who lived at lake au pont or stinking lake now lake winnebago some sixty miles up fox river none was apprehended from the menominees or wild rice indians who resided at the mouth of the river a deputation of the winnebagoes came down and remonstrated with colonel miller against what they termed an intrusion and inquired why and for what purpose he was about to establish a fort there miller gave them what he had in explanation and that his purpose though armed for war was peace the winnebago chief then made to him the celebrated remark of the armenian prince i think it was to lucullus that if his object was peace he had brought more with him than was necessary to treat but if his object was war he had brought too few to fight miller told him that he had not seen all the force he had with him and invited him down to the river bank among the grass of which he showed him some ten or twelve large cannon lying which the indian had not before seen but upon viewing them he said that colonel miller probably had enough to make good his right broke up the conference and gave no farther trouble the winnebagoes seemed to be a different race of people and were so regarded from the chippeway or rather ojibway of which great family nearly if not all the other tribes in that region were branches their language being totally different having a guttural sound like the german the menominees at green bay were a small and generally peaceable tribe but had at this time a very remarkable man as their chief one held in much awe by the surrounding indian nations and in high respect by the whites his name was thomas whom i personally knew and i may say venerated i learned from those who were acquainted with his history many marked occurrences of his previous life he had no hereditary claim to the chieftainship this was held at the time by a man nearly as old as himself who was an idiot but who they always took with them in their excursions tomah merely ruled as the acknowledged strongest man of the nation and this he had continued to do for a great many years the indian tribes around were represented to me as all afraid of him though they mentioned it as a singular fact that he had never engaged in war with any of them while in control of the nation an interesting illustration of this i received from several persons as occurring upon an interview he had with tecumseh in eighteen ten or eighteen eleven when that remarkable man was forming his great combination for driving the americans back who like the waves of the sea were encroaching upon their hunting grounds With this view he visited Green Bay, obtained a counsel and hearing from Tomah and his people, whom he addressed in a manner he best knew how to do, and in the course of which, in true Indian spirit, he pictured the glory as well as certainty of success, and as omens of this, recapitulated to them his own hitherto prosperous career, the number of battles he had fought, the victories he had won, the enemies he had slain, and the scalps he had taken from the heads of warrior foes.

thoma appeared sensible of the influence of such an address upon his people and feared its consequence for he was opposed to leading them into war his reply was in a tone to allay this feeling and he closed with a remark to them that they had heard the words of tecumseh heard of the battles he had fought the enemies he had slain and the scalps he had taken he then paused and while the deepest silence reigned throughout the audience he slowly raised his hands with his eyes fixed on them and in a lower but not less prouder tone continued but it is my boast that these hands are unstained with human blood the effect is described as tremendous nature obeyed her own impulse and admiration was forced even from those who could not or did not approve of the moral to be implied and the gravity of the council was disturbed for an instant by a murmur of approbation a tribute to genius overpowering at the moment the force of education and of habit he concluded with remarking that he had ever supported the policy of peace as his nation was small and consequently weak that he was fully aware of the injustice of the americans in their encroachments upon the lands of the indians and for them feared its consequences but that he saw no relief for it in going to war and therefore as a national thing he would not do so but that if any of his young men were desirous of leaving their hunting grounds and following tecumseh they had his permission to do so his prudent counsels prevailed i always thought this an odd speech a very remarkable one to come from a savage for such thoma was by birth and education but by nature i always thought him one of the grandest specimens of humanity i had ever seen i had not met with him at green bay i was only a few days there in eighteen sixteen and hurried with business nor did i hear much if anything of him until after meeting with him the next year at mackinaw the first i heard of him was a prescription of his to colonel john bowyer the indian agent at green bay for the gout of which my brother edward biddle told me and a very rational one i thought it to drink no whisky live on lean meat and wild rice and scarify his feet this led me to make inquiries about him when i found that my brother had become a warm friend of his an admirer of him when at mackinaw early one morning in the latter part of may or early in june eighteen seventeen i had come out of my lodgings and observed approaching me one of the many indians then on the island and taking a look at him as he emerged from the fog then very heavy i was struck as he passed in a most unusual manner by his singularly imposing presence i had never seen i thought so magnificent a man he was of the larger size perhaps full six feet with fine proportion a little stoop-shouldered and dressed in a somewhat dirty indian blanket and had scarcely noticed me as he passed i remember it as distinctly as if it was yesterday i watched him until he disappeared again in the fog and remember almost giving expression to a feeling which seemed irresistibly to creep over me that the earth was too mean for such a man to walk on the idea to be sure was discarded the moment it came up but existence it had at this my first view of thoma I had no knowledge at the time who he was, or that Toma was on the island, but while standing there before my door, and under the influence of the feeling I have described, Henry Graverat, the Indian interpreter, came up, and I inquired of him whether he knew of an Indian who had just passed up.

He replied yes, that it was Toma, chief of the Menominee Indians, who with his people had arrived late the evening before, and were encamped at the point, that thoma had just been with him to ask a council with the indian agent major william h puthoff the council was held at ten o'clock and i made it my business to attend to understand what follows i must make a short digression The British for many years had paid annual contributions, termed by them Indian annuities, giving each member of the tribe a suit of clothes consisting of a shirt, leggings, breechclout, and blanket, and each family a coppered kettle, knives, axes, guns, ammunition, etc.

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it was reported but i know not with what truth that his library was enriched with two odd volumes of blackstone but whether in french or english i did not learn a gentleman a friend of mine had a dispute with a troublesome fellow about some trifle and upon whose application room sent my father a summons instead of paper with name and seal the constable exhibited the well-known large jack-knife of the judge which had long been made to serve that purpose on the day of appearance defendant broke ground for the judges and stopping at a store on the way bought some cheap article on approaching the office he found the judge at the door who exclaimed to him in broken english you may go away go away i has given judgment against ye good morning judge good morning i has given judgment against ye coming along by bergen's store i saw this small coffee-pot hanging out and i bought it to present to you judge will you do me the pleasure to accept it oh yes tankie tankie kindly very much blithe she judge i don't owe that fellow anything you don't no i have really overpaid him the rascal i reverses my judgment and he shall pay the costs now it must not be imagined from this that judge roome was a bad man he was the reverse of this but followed the temper of the times and bowed to the current of the country's customs rather than undertake the labour of changing or rising above them the quiet acquiescence of the people to his authority for so long a time and the sufferance of his rule and sway under british and american supremacy and possibly under french too for he may not have surrendered until long after montcalm and cornwallis did as an argument at least in favor of the mildness of his administration nor was he deficient in intelligence and possessed much of the natural politeness of the better class of rural french judge charles roome was probably a native of detroit at least in seventeen seventy seven there was a prominent resident of detroit named pierre roome and in seventeen seventy eight charles roome was a captain in the british indian department at detroit and accompanied governor hamilton in his expedition against vincennes in december of that year and when the american colonel george rogers clark recaptured that place in february seventeen seventy nine captain roome was among the prisoners who taking the oath of neutrality was permitted to return to detroit general clark's manuscript papers and the writer's possession prove this fact from morse's indian report it appears that captain roome settled at green bay in seventeen ninety and probably derived his early commission of judge from the british authorities at detroit and anticipating perhaps the early transfer of detroit to the american government may have had something to do in hastening his departure when brown county in which the green bay settlement was and is still situated was organized under the authority of michigan territory in eighteen eighteen judge room was appointed by governor cass an associate justice and justice of the peace in july eighteen twenty four another filled his place on the bench hence it would appear that he died some time between eighteen eighteen and eighteen twenty four and note the most considerable man however in the settlement the one of most intelligence and enterprise the substantial one of the colony was john law who occupied a fine farm on the left bank of fox river as you ascend which he afterwards sold to john jacob astor and which now i think forms a part of the town of green bay there is or was a natural phenomenon at green bay which i have before made public notice of and repeat here i mean a regular ebb and flow as of a tide in the waters of fox river an able article upon the tides of the north american lakes written by the late colonel henry whiting of the u s army may be found in silliman's journal and also in historical and scientific sketches of michigan colonel whiting argues that there is no sensible lunar tides on the lakes and is sustained in this opinion by general cass and henry r schoolcraft that there are probably planetary influences operating on the lake waters but that the changes in the level of the waters are mainly produced by atmospheric phenomena l c d i noticed it every day for about ten days that i stayed there in the rise and fall was i think twelve to eighteen inches and occurred regularly at the same hours every day being greater or less in its rise and fall as the wind was up or down the bay i published a notice of this in the pittsburg gazette in eighteen eighteen to nineteen which was copied into various papers, and came under the notice of Judge Woodward of Detroit, a gentleman of much learning and science, who visited Green Bay and examined into it, and in a published report confirmed the existence of the ebb and flow as I had found and described it.

Now don't set me down as delving behind Chateaubriand.' poor chateaubriand had been landed on the wild shore in canada from a boat on lake ontario and ran into the woods to enjoy the luxury of the wild unstinted freedom of nature in all her glory of forest and flowers and in the ecstasy of excitement he was hugging the trees he tells us when he heard a loud and rumbling roar which alarmed and brought his mind back to earth from elysium and caused him to run to his comrades in the boat to see what was the matter the alarm he said had been causeless it was only the tide coming in this is not worse than oliver goldsmith good honest fellow as he was who in an old and honoured school-book gave a very fair true and faithful description of niagara falls the perpendicular height and vastness of the column precipitated and then after writing all this and seeing what he had written quietly and calmly remarked that notwithstanding the height of the fall and the power of the current indians had been known to pass down it in their canoes in safety i well remember reading it in my own old school-book fifty years ago and of being bothered about it but that passage about the canoes has been dropped in all the later editions the fowl game at green bay were the duck and prairie hen both abundant the ducks used to rise like large dark clouds subsisting probably on the wild rice growing near the head of the bay i wonder by the bye if it grows there still The Indian women used to make a favorite dish of wild rice, corn, and fish boiled together and called Tasamanany.

Not having come in contact with the government, the remote Indians believe no people on earth are able to dictate to them or control them, and I have no doubt it is a mounted force alone that can keep peace between the Sioux and the Sac and Fox Indians.

The Menominee Indians claim a considerable extent of country between the country purchased of them by the United States last season and the Chippewa Indians, as well as the country above the mouth of the Wolf River, on the Fox River extending to the portage of the Wisconsin and Fox Rivers, and up the Wisconsin River to the boundary line of the Winnebagos and Chippewas.

The greater part of the country now claimed by the Menominees is represented to be barren in soil, excepting that portion of their country lying between the mouth of the Wolf River and the portage of the Wisconsin and Fox Rivers, which is said to be well adapted to agricultural purposes.

These Indians still retain their wandering habits.

The experiment made by the government in furnishing them farmers has entirely failed.

They raise corn on the Oconto, Menominee, and Fox Rivers in small quantities, but depend on the chase, fishing, fowling, and gathering of the wild rice for their subsistence.

They are scattered over a large extent of country and are well disposed toward the whites.

They are, however, entirely under the control of their traders, who will endeavor to secure the greater part of their annuities.

Investigators say he was drunk.

He was going 80 miles an hour on the Fox River in July when he hit another boat.

Magdalena Jablonska was killed.

Taking Tylenol during pregnancy shows no link to ADHD or autism in kids.