Fourth Dynasty of Egypt

And then Dynasty 3, which are also from Saqqara, they start slowly p- uh, doing, uh, or evolving and doing some new technique in constructions.

And then Dynasty 4, uh, they moved to Giza.

So the, the first three pyra- uh, s- uh, dynasties were in Saqqara and Memphis.

Dynasty 4 moved, moved to Giza.

But now here is the big question.

They built the best example of pyramids we have, not only in Egypt, but all over the world.

Um, this is just kind of a two-part thing.

Number one, does it bother you to call the project, uh, after the name of a fourth dynasty, uh, kingdom pharaoh that it looks like, if you're right, had little to do with the pyramid with his name on it? Um, number two, like, h-the historical water levels of the Giza Plateau before, you know, the dam was there, if we're talking about deep antiquity going back thirty-eight thousand years or so, um, you know, does it maybe suggest that there was perhaps two uses, like ancient times it was perhaps a machine? Because we know in current day we've measured plasma bubbles over Giza Plateau.

Um, I'm, I'm aware of two times that it's been, uh, measured over it, as if they were generating some, some type of a resonant force.

And then maybe in dynastic times, uh, they were later used for the resonant properties, r-resonant properties for other maybe spiritual, uh, reasons or, uh, uh, different purposes than they originally were intended for.

The details change, you know, the ways that they'll draw certain scenes or the type of scenes themselves will change.

I can look at a piece of two-dimensional art and say, oh, that's Old Kingdom, or that's even Fourth Dynasty, as opposed to that which is clearly 12th or 13th.

18th.

To a casual viewer, you're not going to get that, but it's kind of like how an art historian will be able to tell you which part of the Renaissance that particular piece of art came from.

So, in these chambers they found these cartouches of Khufu.

And this has been deemed as definitive proof that Khufu built the Great Pyramid in the 4th Dynasty, 2500 BC.

This is a definitive piece of evidence that Egyptology holds up as a definitive proof.

These cartouches of the king in these sealed, hidden chambers until Vice blasted his way in.

Still unclear exactly who built that Great Sphinx.

The archeologists think it was carved during the Fourth Dynasty from 2613 to 2494 BCE during the reign of Khafre, known for building the second of the famous Giza pyramids.

The lions and crocodiles found below appear throughout Egyptian art.

Even inside some of the tombs you can see them as well.

It has given us wonders like the Pyramids of Giza that still stand today over 4,000 years later, while other structures from that time are nothing but crumbled ruins and dust in the wind.

We have actually already covered the Fourth Dynasty here on Biographics, the dynasty that was responsible for many of the landmarks that we associate with Ancient Egypt.

But then we thought, why not go back even further? That is why today we are starting at the very beginning, as we take a look at the First Dynasty of Egypt.

Right off the bat, let's start with our standard ancient history disclaimer and mention that our knowledge of this time period is sparse, at best, with giant gaps in the middle.

Its ruins have yet to be discovered.

The tomb of Nama is quite modest compared to what we usually expect when we think of pharaohs.

The giant pyramids of the fourth dynasty were still a very long way away.

The first pharaoh of Egypt was buried in a simple tomb that consisted only of two pits dug into the ground and lined with mud brick walls.

So why did the Egyptians go through the trouble of carving this giant thing out of solid rock? And did they even call it a sphinx? Well, unfortunately, the Egyptians didn't leave us a manual that answers any of those questions, but archeologists a lot smarter than I am have collected some convincing evidence.

Like we know it was carved directly out of the bedrock during the fourth dynasty, which also makes it the oldest out of all the sphinxes that I've shown you.

And its creation likely took place during the reign of Khafre, whose statues bear a striking resemblance to the sphinx's face.

Its precise location was also a deliberate choice.