Can you explain what those mean?

Yeah.

So I was trying to get away from, you know, the term anti-Semitism, another ism, because it's become so controversial, right? And the minute you mention it, you have to give a definition, and then nobody agrees with your definition.

And so I thought, all right, let me take a step back there and maybe zoom out and look at what people actually say and, and then try to adopt more descriptive terms that, you know, if you think about it in that way, you can actually recognize, uh, what happened and what, what's happening.

And it occurred to me then that broadly I was seeing two types of discourse.

One was, uh, that idea on the right that, um, Jews were part of a kind of conspiracy to destroy the White race, Western civilization through replace-ism.

So, so Jews were being held responsible for, you know, immigration into Europe, in the United States.

Can we take a, a side trip to Africa and how your family wound up in, uh, the Congo? Uh, tell us about that, please.

Tell us a little bit about how that shaped your experience and about your family's background.

So Antwerp was a very interesting, uh, Jewish community.

It's a very small Jewish community with about...

You know, when I was growing up, about half the people, uh, belonged to an ultra-Orthodox Hasidic community, and they live in the center of the city, and, and they're very distinctive, right? Because of how they dress, and, and they have, uh, they live a more secluded life.

And then there was, uh, a more secular, uh, community in the city too, but it was a very, uh, close-knit Jewish community in which basically, you know, every grandparent was a Holocaust survivor because, right, it was, um, in Europe.

And on the one hand, I think, you know, our lives were, you know, completely normal.

We lived like, you know, secular Jews.

Does what's happening today in America impress you as in any way similar to European antisemitism?