Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor

These representations prevailed and it was as a Catholic that Stephen Bathory came to Poland, to the great disappointment of the Protestants.

It is true that, during the eleven years of his reign, 1575 to 1586, he never persecuted them, but he allowed himself to be entirely won over by the Jesuits, who represented themselves to him, as they had done to Emperor Ferdinand I, as zealous friends of learning, of general culture, and especially of the intellectual and moral elevation of the clergy.

Under his reign the Jesuits penetrated into Poland proper and soon a close network of their colleges extended over the whole realm.

As everywhere else they neglected the education of the common people, but took extreme pains to draw the sons of the nobility to their establishments and successfully.

These representations prevailed, and it was as a Catholic that Stephen Bathory came to Poland, to the great disappointment of the Protestants.

It is true that during the 11 years of his reign, 1575 to 1586, he never persecuted them, but he allowed himself to be entirely won over by the Jesuits, who represented themselves to him, as they had done to Emperor Ferdinand I, as zealous friends of learning, of general culture, and especially of the intellectual and moral elevation of the clergy.

Under his reign, the Jesuits penetrated into Poland proper, and soon a close network of their colleges extended over the whole realm.

As everywhere else, they neglected the education of the common people, but took extreme pains to draw the sons of the nobility to their establishments, and successfully.

Exactly.

And the deaths of her siblings between 1497 and 1500, Juana's older brother, Juan.

Oh.

Oh, Juan.

Or they kill their wives or they beat their wives.

It's kind of just like.

Meanwhile, her brother-in-law, King Henry VIII, is about to become, like, one of the most evil men in history.

And, like,

The very doctrine he had refused to renounce in front of the Inquisition.

The imperial throne was occupied by King Ferdinand, but his son, Archduke Maximilian, was the heir apparent.

and his court would become famous as one of the most tolerant in Europe.

Maximilian himself leaned toward Protestant thinking.

The same month, the German parliament echoed the Austrians' warning against the rampant financial domination of Judaism.

The Jews were bandits ten times over in their domination of the House of Austria, and took firm hold under Ferdinand I, brother of the Emperor Carlo Quinto.

In Austria, they were permitted entry, and they remained there as servants of the Holy Emperor up to the time of Tursa, who favored them and permitted them to go into various provinces.

In the German countries, there was an interdict on their... and introduced on their entry, except in Vienna.

I have a lot of respect for some of the discipline and rigor that goes into that.

I personally don't hold to Tulip Calvinism as a personal doctrine.

I don't think that's any... any surprise for people who watch a lot of these episodes, but I understand how people get there.

And I think there's a, it's a worthwhile discussion if that discussion can be had civilly, which is not what happened in the 80 years.

So you have the Seabeggers and William of Orange, who is a Spanish Catholic, is standing on the sidelines.

He's like, all right, I really need the Netherlands to win.

I'm footing the bill personally for a lot of this stuff.

The Seabeggers are winning, but I'm technically the wrong side of this.