Eyjafjallajökull

Let's see.

Eyjafjallajökull.

Eyjafjallajökull.

Um-

G- Gods speed to you.

The friction of ash particles colliding with each other generates static charge in the same way that ice particles generate charge inside a regular thunderstorm cloud.

Volcanic lightning was famously observed and photographed during the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in Iceland, producing dramatic images of lightning bolts illuminating the ash cloud against the night sky.

Ancient Romans witnessed volcanic lightning during eruptions of Vesuvius and interpreted it as a sign of the gods' anger, weaving it into their religious understanding of the world.

lightning plays an important and often overlooked role in atmospheric chemistry the extreme heat of a lightning channel causes nitrogen and oxygen molecules in the air to react with each other forming nitric oxide which then combines with additional oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide These nitrogen oxides contribute to the formation of ground-level ozone, which is a harmful air pollutant at the surface despite being beneficial in the upper atmosphere, where it blocks ultraviolet radiation.

I mean, there-

Liz goes in and out of there faster than you can say Eyjafjallajökull, right?

Yes, much faster than I could say it, I will say.

[laughs]

When did the tourist industry take off?

I believe 2010 or 2011, uh, Eyjafjallajökull glacier eruption which downed, uh, traf- air traffic throughout Europe in 2010 or 2011.

Our government kind of seized the opportunity to advertise us as a great tourist destination to experience, like, terrible nature.

You know, when people w- were in the city, they needed something to do, and, um, so that's kind of...

European routes through Iceland and Greenland carry similar risk.

In twenty-ten, a single Icelandic volcano, Eyjafjallajökull, shut down European airspace for six days.

Over one hundred thousand flights canceled.

One point three billion dollars in losses to the airline industry.

An ash cloud can persist for days, sometimes weeks, and travel thousands of miles on the jet stream before it disperses enough to fall below hazard thresholds.

After the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in Iceland in 2010, ash from that single volcano disrupted European airspace for the better part of a week, grounded more than 100,000 flights, and affected an estimated 10 million passengers.

The total economic impact was measured in billions.

The Ijefjallajökull event also exposed a gap in how ash concentration thresholds were being managed.