Euronext Amsterdam

Many financial firms relocated parts of their operations to EU cities.

The Amsterdam Stock Exchange, for instance, overtook London as Europe's largest trading hub, a symbolic yet significant shift.

The answers that MAGA is aiming for, the answers that many in the center and center-left are embracing in search of votes to get rid of immigrants and to return to a golden era of industrialized production, are not simple answers to anything.

What we're experiencing now is a global wave of nostalgia for a time when the public imagined that fascist tactics, the concentration camp tendency, or even camps themselves, could really solve their problems.

Sure.

So again, the bond market is basically like the capital allocation for credit, right? So it was originally invented, obviously, I mean, kind of corollary to the creation of the Dutch East India Company, the VOC in Amsterdam and the founding of the Amsterdam Stock Exchange in 1609, which was the first publicly traded equities exchange in the world.

The capital allocators that are the investors realized, hey, it's great to do equity investment, but a lot of people would rather have a slow and steady return on their investment and predictable coupon payments rather than a equity instrument.

And so they invented the modern debt market.

So 2014-15, we were all hoping that Euronext could become that place.

And Euronext, as you might remember, was an assembly of Euronext Paris, Euronext Brussels, Euronext Amsterdam.

It wasn't important which city you listed, but it was a common marketplace called Euronext.

It was successful for raising capital.