Estonian

Was your grandmother born in the U.S. or somewhere else?

No, my grandmother was not born in the U.S. We have Estonian heritage.

She was from Estonia and we also have some Irish heritage and as well as others.

But my grandmother was from Estonia.

And this was not a benign process.

And if we look at the DNA landscape across Eurasia, we see that all Y chromosomes in Europe, all Y chromosomes, belong to these marauding horsemen right now so if you have european dna and you're a male then you have that dna which means local old europe in a sense was completely wiped out from a cultural and genetic standpoint um and linguistic standpoint save for basque finnish hungarian estonian and um those languages are not Indo-European.

So there's still a handful in Europe that are, and obviously Sami as well.

those are original languages they're not indo-european but every other language in europe is so yeah and the indian caste system was created by indo-european conquest um so it really is one of the most important events in human history and i think that's why there's so much bickering over when horses were domesticated where by who and whether these people were indo-european or not indo-european in it it's a very contentious there's a lot of contentious and hot button issues regarding horse domestication, which I won't bore the listeners with.