Enterococcus

But importantly, we found that higher pathobiont detection and relative abundance was only found in those with exposure to an antibiotic with extended anaerobe coverage when compared to both those without any exposure, as well as those with exposure to a limited anaerobe covering antibiotic.

And in the case of Coamoxiclav, which is one of the most prescribed extended anaerobe covering antibiotics, we found that both resistant species, so Enterococcus faciam, and susceptible species, Klebsiella pneumoniae, both had a higher abundance in those exposed to comoxiclav.

I think it's interesting because you would expect that a pathobiont with resistance to an antibiotic would proliferate even in the event that it was exposed to that antibiotic.

But with a susceptible one like Klebsiella pneumoniae, it signals that the commensal depletion may be playing a part in that proliferation.

However, there's a trick or twist.

Enterococcus is a bacteria that's very easy to measure or relatively easy to measure.

However, it doesn't make you sick.

It's something that should be in your gut.

The new technology is PCR-based, so it's genetic-based technology.

It's basically, it's the technology, it's digital droplet PCR, ddPCR.

And basically what it does is it measures how much DNA of Enterococcus is in the water.

And from that you get how much Enterococcus bacteria were in the water.

Most infections start in the lower urinary tract and travel upward through the ureters.

E. coli is the most common organism, but other organisms include Klebsiella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, and other Enterobacterioles.

Candida can also cause urinary infection, especially in patients with diabetes, prolonged antibiotic exposure, hospitalization, or urinary catheters.

The important distinction is between a localized urinary infection and a complicated UTI.

We also do some chicken research.

Enterococcus secorum is the big thing right now, the enterococcal lamest diseases.

But as far as turkeys go, Imeria has been our primary focus lately looking at immune responses to vaccines and trying to optimize that for turkeys.

They're different than chickens.

And I love this.

So this is the article, Evaluation of Changes in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus Resistance Following Reduced Restrictions on Daptomycin and Linazolid.

This is a retrospective single center study included all Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates across an eight-year period, including a three-year follow-up period after implementing practice changes that relaxed prescribing restrictions and updated local guidance for the treatment of gram-positive infections, resulting in increased daptomycin and linazolid utilization.

Linazolid use increased and daptomycin used increased post-implementation.

And I bet Vanco went down, right? That's what you're getting rid of, that renal, toxic, nasty, archaic, chunky drug that takes all kinds of expenses to monitor and puts people on dialysis for the rest of their lives.

There are lots of strains, I have to say, but bear in mind that some are actually harmful and can cause inflammation, diarrhea, and infection.

Another so-called unfriendly bacteria are the Klebsiella and Enterococci.

Normally present in small numbers, yeah, they're there, but when they overgrow, they can cause inflammation of the intestine and also activate or excessively, inappropriately activate the immune system.

The key point is that the species alone do not determine whether a bacterium is harmful.

and that hormone patterns correlated, get this, with gut bacteria composition.

So having more E. coli or Enterococcus bacteria tracked with those who had higher testosterone and lower estradiol, whereas more Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species tracked with the healthier hormone patterns.

But here's the thing.

It does not mean that you just need to fix your gut and rosacea will magically disappear.

We'll just call it F. prau, you know, for the, for the discussion today.

Birriga and some of the Enterococcus bacteria.

So what I want people to understand is don't try and remember all those complicated versions of them.

Just think of these microbes as almost like an accessory organ system.