Engelbert Dollfuss

There he met Alice, known as Litzy, Friedman, an Austrian-Jewish communist whose underground political work brought him closer to the risks of activism.

In February 1934, Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss's authoritarian government crushed armed socialist resistance.

Philby helped persecuted activists, and that month he and Litzy married.

Marriage gave her the protection of British nationality, and they subsequently left Austria for Britain.

Purr, who reached the rank of SS-Unterscharführer, which was equivalent to sergeant, eventually became the deputy commandant of Sachsenhausen and personally murdered approximately 30 to 40 prisoners.

One crime he participated in was the death by beating of Austrian prosecutor Karl Tupi, who had initiated the case against two SS men for the murder of Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss in 1934.

Both men were found guilty of killing Dollfuss and executed.

Tupi had also been involved in the prosecutions of Anton Rintelen, one of the ringleaders in the coup, and Otto Steinhausel, a police officer who'd collaborated.

strengthening the state coercive apparatus and emergency powers and restricting the rights of the workers in proportion as the workers resistance is paralyzed by reformism and trust in constitutionalism and only when the ground has thus fully prepared within the shell of democracy and the workers forces disorganized to the maximum only then the final blow is struck and the complete and open fascist dictatorship is established.

Germany and Austria are the outstanding examples of this process, where all the preliminary stages for the victory of fascism were carried through by a Brüning or a Dollfuss in the name of the defense of the Constitution and with the support of the social democratic leadership on this basis.

See also the Supreme Court of the United States.

In consequence, the fight against fascism cannot be conducted on the basis of trusting to bourgeois democracy as the defense against fascism.

And neither France, nor Britain, seemed to care that much about this one.

That Chancellor was Engelbart Dollfuss, and his story is a key turning point in the road leading to the 1938 Anschluss.

On the very day in which the German parliament voted in favor of the ill-fated customs union, March 18, 1931, Engelbert Dollfuss joined the Austrian cabinet as Minister of Agriculture.

A former decorated World War I veteran, lawyer, agrarian expert, and railways official, Dollfuss had a reputation for being efficient, charismatic, and level-headed.

which is the type of politician that Austria sorely needed at the time as the country was plagued by unemployment, recession, and street battles between left-wing and right-wing militias, the Schutzbund and Heimwehr.

The President of the Austrian Republic, Wilhelm Miklas, was so impressed with the man that following a cabinet crisis, appointed him Chancellor on May 10, 1932.

On the other hand, the Duce aimed for a fascist-friendly Austria to fall within Rome's sphere of influence.

In January of 1933, Hitler became Chancellor of Germany, and in February, formally turned the Weimar Republic into a dictatorial regime.

But I'm talking, when I say figurehead, I mean in terms of outward appearances.

One of Hitler's challenges with balancing Italian demands on the Balkans, and specifically Croatia, in order to placate Mussolini, over, among other things, the murder of Dolfus and the subsequent Anschluss and other things.

Early on, he'd agreed to cede the Dalmatian coast to Italy, at least as a sphere of influence and an event of general war, as a territorial imperative that they would be permitted to capture.

This caused intense resentment in Zagreb, but Hitler realized it was a necessary evil.

All this may be described as the process of encroaching fascism within the old forms, which precedes and prepares the full fascist attack.

An examination of the experience of the Bruning regime in Germany, or of the successive earlier stages of Dollfuss in Austria, when he was still loudly hailed as the champion of democracy by all the liberal and social democratic forces in the West, will abundantly show the significance of this process, which has definitely begun its first stages in Britain.

Yeah, that list, um, yeah, I would say in the U.S., if we're just looking at this list right here, I mean, these, these things have been going on my whole life.

Um, but the increase, I guess, if that's what we're marking, after 9-11, right? When all of the Homeland Security and the, the Snowden stuff, right? The spying on everyone, this militarization of the police, just rapid militarization of the police, um, that has happened over the last, like, 25 years.