Emergency Severity Index

So data collection included age, sex, ethnicity, insurance status, emergency department setting and disposition, the epinephrine dose, and the number and frequency of doses.

They also collected two severity indices, so the Emergency Severity Index triages acuity from level one, which is the most urgent, to level five, which is the least urgent.

And then they also collected the Charlson comor-comorbidity index, which estimates comorbidity burden and one-year mortality risk.

And so a score of zero is lowest risk, while a score of five or more corresponds to roughly eighty-five percent estimated one-year mortality.

For insurance status, nearly two-thirds were Medicare at sixty-three point five percent, Medicaid seventeen percent, and private at eleven percent.

The remainder was self-pay or unknown.

Looking at the Emergency Severity Index data, about forty-one percent of patients were level one and forty percent were level two, so roughly eighty percent of these patients were of highest acuity.

The median Charlson Comorbidity Index was three, which corresponds to substantial comorbidity burden.