Echocardiography

also in HTAT.

An echocardiogram is pursued each trimester, although there is some variation based on the underlying condition, on the aortic size, the rate of growth, as well as risk.

Echocardiogram is also recommended in the postpartum period.

And we do recommend OB anesthesia consultations.

This is really to review precautions that may be related to derelictasia and scoliosis or presence of scoliosis.

yeah, sorry.

Echocardiogram is

inexplicably different, even though it's got the same fucking initials, annoyingly.

I think echocardiogram is more...

And this is to both confirm the AFib and also assess for any other structural abnormalities that you might see.

Echocardiogram is an interesting one.

It's usually recommended as part of a standard workup for any new diagnosis.

diagnosed AFib, whether preoperatively or not.

A change is often more important than the trace itself.

Echocardiography seems to have become just as fundamental.

Absolutely.

Every cardiologist today should be able to perform a focused bedside echo in an emergency, even if they are not an imaging specialist.

With the left ventricle, its size, its wall thickness, and its function.

For size, the left ventricular end diastolic diameter in the parasternal view is normally up to about 58 millimeters in men and 52 in women, according to the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging.

Volumes measured by the biplane method and indexed to body surface area are more accurate than a single diameter.

For wall thickness, the septum and posterior wall are normally up to about 10 millimeters in men and 9 in women.

Let me pause here and ask about resources for learning these numbers.

The most important resources are free.

The guideline documents of the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging on chamber quantification, diastolic function, and valvular regurgitation.

For textbooks, Fagenbaum's Echocardiography and Otto's Textbook of Clinical Echocardiography are the standards, and the Echo Manual from the Mayo Clinic is wonderfully practical.

Now, what could they actually measure in 1975 with the available technology? Turns out, not that much.

Echocardiogram was fairly new.

It started out in the early 1950s.

But again, this is ultrasound.