Drukpa Lineage

class corresponds closely to the first except that the development has been for evil instead of good and the powers acquired are used for purely selfish purposes instead of for the benefit of humanity among its lower ranks come members of the negro race who practise the ghastly rites of the ubeah or voodoo schools and the medicine men of many a savage tribe while higher in intellect and therefore the more blameworthy stand the tibetan black magicians

who are often though incorrectly called by europeans dugpas a title properly belonging as is quite correctly explained by surgeon major waddle in his recent work on the buddhism of tibet only to the botanese subdivision of the great Kagyu sect, which is part of what may be called the semi-reformed school of Tibetan Buddhism.

The Dugpas no

doubt deal in tantric magic to a considerable extent, but the real red-hatted, entirely unreformed sect is that of the Nyin Marpa, though far beyond them, in a still

lower depth, lie the Bonpa, the votaries of the aboriginal religion, who have never accepted any form of Buddhism at all.