Data from this active market participation provides

robust support for the discount rate applied.

With this, I'll now hand over to our head of sustainability, Dan Watson, to go through our approach to responsible investment.

Great, thanks very much, Mohammed, and good afternoon, everyone.

And so infrastructure is inherently linked to real-world outcomes.

The assets that provide essential services to communities also generate the long-term predictable cash flows INPP is built on.

We believe the environmental and social needs of the communities these assets serve are a key reason governments support availability payments and regulated returns.

In short, these services are simply too important not to be available to everyone.

To learn more about Passion City Church, including our gathering times in Atlanta and Washington, DC, visit us online at passioncitychurch.com.

[gentle music] I want to start this talk and just, um, be really honest with you.

Not that I'm not honest the other times, but I'll be really honest and really vulnerable with you, you know? I, I have this toxic trait.

I have this toxic trait, and, um, this toxic trait is that I, I love to be invited to the party.

[laughs] But 90% of the time, I ain't going.

[laughs] But if I don't get invited, I got issues.

Anybody else like that? Yeah.

I wonder if the models have overcorrected and swung from too high to too low by treating, well, what is a messy, still contested north as if the north were settled.

Thank you so much.

Yes, there are some remaining footholds left in the north, which Africa Corps is involved in, including the convoy escorts that you mentioned earlier and resupply efforts.

But largely the Africa Corps decamped to more strategic locations in south and bits of central Mali as well.

But it's important, I think, to give a bit of context as to what the Afrika Korps are and how they differ from the Wagner Group.

So the Wagner Group was a more kind of sprawling, loose, private entity with links to Moscow.

Within Africa, they had experience in a variety of contexts.

The two questions I really want to ask you both is, for you, Dan, Escorting fuel convoys aside, what can Mali and the Russians actually do to stop the blockade slowly choking the capital?

How does he handle in-game adversity? You know, if, if a, if a, he gets a bad beat out there on the ice or a man gets past him or he blows some coverage, how is he on the bench? How's his body language?

Well, he's, he was really good for us.

Yes, he, he cares deeply about his, his own level of play, the team's level of play.

He's very communicative on the, on the bench and down the bench towards all the players, but he's also a guy, he's hard on himself.

Um, he wants the best.

He wants to play the best he possibly can.

And so, you know, he, yeah, there were moments and times where he would get frustrated or would get mad, but that was at himself.

[laughs]

Dan Watson is a research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies based in London.

There has been a set of new discoveries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa's Sahel region after 2010, and what this did was lead to gold rushes taking place in quite unstable countries, particularly in Mali and Burkina Faso and also in Sudan as well.

In the case of the Sahelian states, particularly in Burkina Faso and Mali, we're also seeing a number of jihadist insurgents becoming involved in the gold trade, either through control of mining areas or through taxing gold as it moves through transport corridors that they control.

After having been dug out of the ground, it must be refined, transported, and sold.

Once it leaves mining areas, there can be a kind of secondary economy around taxing.

You tend to see towns or small market hubs kind of emerging where gold will be sold, traded, and might undergo a basic kind of process of refining, from which it is then exported onto external markets.

There are various ways in which the mechanisms of that trade work, but the outcome is often very similar, which is that whoever is producing and moving the gold will receive cash, and that cash can then be reinvested either into the war effort or into sustaining transactional political systems where money and favors are the kind of currency within those systems.

What, what is Ellacas Wood? I'm, I'm curious.

Ellacas Wood is about a 20 acre ancient woodland that's been planted with softwoods, and we're managing it, um, to try and turn it back over to more broad leaves.

We've got some hazel coppice.

What kind of craft?

So we, we've got a whole variety of things.

We kicked off this, um, this spring, well, late, l- sort of mid, um, mid-March with a coppicing course.

Um, so we looked at, at coppicing and also made a hurdle and some other hazel products.

And then going through the season we've got chair making, we've got spoon carving, bowl carving, cup carving, lots of basketry courses.

But because bluegrass is the way it is, you can sort of just chuck yourself into it, can't you?

Yeah, yeah, totally.

It's that community-shared music that a lot of folk musics have, and the beauty of it is that there's such a standard kind of repertoire, and so people can quite easily, within the first day, pick the two songs that they then rehearse for the week, but then they can have their individuality shine through with the breaks, and they step forward, they each get a moment in the spotlight.

So yeah, I think it's a great genre for this kind of thing.

And certainly we've also had people who've done non bluegrass stuff and bluegrass it up, you know, pop pop songs and and make them their own.

You know, so it's a real good mix of stuff and it kind of caters for everyone's interests and abilities.

And it's yeah, it's really wholesome.

But within a day or two of being here, he was like, oh, I'll have a go, I'll have a go.