Crystal Ventures

On the RPF business empire, this is the part that economists find most structurally interesting.

Per multiple investigative reports, from the Africa Report, South World and the East African, the Rwandan Patriotic Front owns a private holding company called Crystal Ventures Limited, CVL, originally founded in 1995 as TriStar Investments.

CVL has been described by analysts as having more staff and more economic power than many state institutions.

The conglomerate operates across construction, telecommunications, real estate, consumer products, building materials and security services.