Concurrence

The Model Penal Code modernizes this by categorizing mens rea as purposely, knowingly, recklessly, and negligently.

Concurrence requires that the defendant possess the requisite mens rea at the exact same moment they commit the actus reus.

Causation, just like in torts, requires both actual but for causation and proximate causation, meaning the result was the natural and probable consequence of the criminal act, unsevered by an unforeseeable intervening event.

Homicide is, without question, the most heavily tested area of criminal law.