Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization

So, in reality, it's not really an agreement at all.

But what do we actually know about the alleged test back in June of 2020? Well, the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization says its international monitoring system did not detect an event consistent with a nuclear test explosion on the date that Washington identified.

It did, however, record two small seismic events separated by about 12 seconds.

The available data could not confidently establish their cause.

These assets strongly support the non-proliferation and disarmament missions at the working level.

So whether it's through running training courses in support of the IAEA and CTBTO's work, implementing sanctions and export controls and trying to build capacity within industry to do so and to prevent nuclear-related illicit trade, or through supporting broader research and disarmament education efforts, you know, there's always quite a lot going on.

The events at Hiroshima and Nagasaki have, I think, ingrained a real deep interest in these issues in Japan, and their constant engagement at the highest levels within MOFA and other ministries, but also just generally throughout civil society.

What you've just said there, Daniel, reminds us that the work that Japan's doing in trying to support non-proliferation and associated discussions, how important that is, despite the sort of overwhelming noise in the other direction, and obviously fits with Japan's broader support for the international rules-based order in other areas as well.

Semipalatinsk.

Four hundred fifty-six tests per the CTBTO.

Over four hundred fifty per other sources.

More than a hundred and ten of them in the air or at the surface.