Citric acid cycle

And then this pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA by pyruvate dehydrogenase.

And then this acetyl-CoA is fed into the citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle.

And the Krebs cycle spits out a bunch of higher energy molecules like GTP as well as electron carrier molecules like three NADHs and one FADH2.

And then what happens is that these electron carriers which are the NADH and the FADH2 make their way to the electron transport chain which is like the third part of this oxidative metabolism.

sometimes called oxidative phosphorylation.

And what that does is it builds up a concentration gradient of hydrogen, which then can be used to drive the ATP synthase and make ATP.

But what I'm most interested in for the redox podcast is these electron carriers as i said nad plus and fadh and the first thing you might be thinking about is wait but didn't you just call it nadh and fadh2 well i did but really they're pretty much the same thing one is the reduced form the other is the oxidized form so NADH is the reduced form of NAD+, and you can remember that pretty easily, right, because something is more reduced when it has more hydrogen, so of course NADH is going to be more reduced than NAD+.

So you can imagine that NAD+, comes along, it gains two electrons in the Krebs cycle, and now it is NADH, and it's carrying those two electrons to the electron transport chain.

People that don't move a lot, they're basically telling their transcriptions, their DNA, that this body has no desire to live and doesn't have any purpose.

So because of that, when the body goes through, you know, cellular reuptake, Krebs cycle, mitosis, we learned as a little kid, things start to break down because there's no purpose around this life anymore, you know, as opposed to people that put themselves into states that we call hormesis.

That which does not kill you makes you stronger.

That's why we jump in cold rivers.

So it goes right to the core, to the source of energy in your body, which is the key, but it's very specific.

There's basically four antioxidants that are right key to the Krebs cycle.

That's that oxygen burning thing that makes ATP and the other things that the mitochondria make.

And one is CoQ10.

it.

CoQ10, you can do your glutathione, but SOD and catalase were never, there was nothing that could be done.

Now, you can use your CoQ10, your glutathione, and your C60, and it covers the key four antioxidants for the Krebs cycle.

And that's where it fits in.

into ATPs over three separate stages.

Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Traditionally, these stages are described as coming one after the other, but really everything in the cell is kind of happening all at the same time.

But let's start with the first step, glycolysis, or the breaking down of the glucose.

Back to the score.

Now we have made two molecules of ATP through glycolysis, but your cells really need the oxygen in order to make the other 30-some molecules that they need.

And that is because the next two stages of cellular respiration, the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, are both aerobic processes, which means that they require oxygen.

And so we find ourselves at the next step in cellular respiration.

And then that moves into acetyl-CoA.

And acetyl-CoA goes into the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle.

Mm-hmm.

which is like the first step of the mitochondria and then the electron transport chain.