I'd like you to give us your favorite examples that show that innovation can happen in the public sector and does.

Yeah.

Great question.

You know, my favorite examples are not flashy, but there are many.

I'll give you one in particular.

They they all rest upon moments when a public system uses data management and that insight to improve outcomes.

So the example is in Florida, in the Caribbean, we are, as you know, assaulted by Hurricanes every year.

What do you mean by that?

you, Jonathan.

Cancer survivors, they've got a lot to gain from vaccination because of their immunosuppressed state.

And sometimes they also have more doubts about it, again, because of their immunocompromised state.

In my experience, the hesitancy from cancer survivors is not simple anti-vaccine ideology.

It's often more about treatment timing.

When should I get the vaccine? The side effects, the mixed messaging that they might get from media or authorities, and sometimes clinical practitioners.

And the doubt can come from whether the vaccination feels safe enough.

Talk to us a little bit about that and the contributors to quality of life and what we as physicians can do to improve the quality of life for people who've had cancer treatment.

So Chris, how do you approach translating research findings into clinical outcomes for patients with AML? And how big is the gap between research and implementation?

You know, I generally start with a pretty simple question when it comes to leukemia research and as a translational researcher.

And the question is, what decision will this research change in our Tuesday morning care management weekly meeting where we run the list of all of our patients and then try to figure out what all their options are? If the research helps that Tuesday morning meeting, run more efficiently and provides more options and clear options, then it is a research that is worthy of chasing after.

But if the answer is unclear, it's not ready.

It's not ready yet.

And I think in AML, the gap is still substantial.

We're generating increasingly precise molecular and epigenomic insights, but real-world adoption on that Tuesday morning meeting and in our clinics, it's slowed by workforce or workflow access, turnaround time, reimbursement, just basic challenges in integrating complex diagnostics from our pathology departments and laboratories into our urgent clinical care pathways.

So continuing on that line, how do you see the future implementation of the acute leukemia methylome atlas in ML diagnosis and management? And could you perhaps start with acute leukemia methylome atlas 101 for the uninitiated?

What do you mean by learning governance?

Well, good governance is when public institutions make fair decisions, they solve real problems, they remain accountable to the people they serve.

But learning governance is what I consider when a public institution adds the capabilities of actively learning, experimenting, and improving on those outcomes.

Can innovative health policy help prevent cancer as effectively as developing treatments?

Absolutely, yes.

Tobacco control policies have prevented far more lung cancers than any drug ever developed.

Human papillomavirus vaccination policy is already reducing cervical cancer dramatically.

We hope to actually eliminate that cancer from our society and colorectal cancer screening policies have prevented cancer altogether by removing precancerous polyps.