Cavalier

So then the king backs them to start or restart the civil war in Scotland.

And in Scotland, the Royalist cause is led by James Graham, the Marquess of Montrose, who is actually a Covenanter, who is one of these people who changed side or maybe the world changed around him.

But he leads Royalist forces.

And one of the things he tries to do at the start of his campaign is get to Aberdeenshire because it's one of the places that he thinks he can recruit lots of men.

And the reason for that is that Aberdeenshire is the realm of the Gordons of Huntly, who are very loyal to Charles I.

Yeah.

Yeah.

So by this point in the campaign, Montrose and the Royalist armies have defeated two separate Covenanter armies.

Already Hampton had been slain by a chance shot in an obscure skirmish.

The Royalists, full of hope, laid siege to Gloucester, that they might no longer have the enemy established in their rear.

At Westminster, there was doubt and hesitation.

It was only through stress put upon Parliament by a city mob that both houses were prevented from agreeing to terms of peace which would have carried with them an abandonment of their main pretensions.

It might he be, was the sturdy reply, shall that render him incapable to serve the public? Take heed of being too sharp or too easily sharpened by others against those to whom you can object little but that they square not with you in every opinion concerning matters of religion.

It was not only at Marston Moor that Presbyterian ascendancy was threatened.

Essex, the chosen parliamentary general, had marched westward against the Royalists of Devon and Cornwall.

Charles in person followed him with a superior force.

Many of these licensed pirates and royalist gunrunners sought sanctuary in the Scillies.

And in addition to that, as the Royalist cause disintegrated in 1646, Cavaliers used the Scillies as an escape route to the continent.

Now, Parliament was hard-pressed to prevent these activities because the major warships it had acquired in 1642, such as the 1,500-tonne Sovereign of the Seas, were unsuitable for that kind of coastal warfare.

So how did they solve that problem?

This divided the island's population and it led to the foundation of a pro-parliamentarian faction known as Les Bien Affectionés, the Well Affected.

That forced royalist supporters gradually to withdraw to the Descartes strongholds of Elizabeth Castle and Montorgueil.

Cavaliers on neighbouring Jersey, you find, are similarly retreating to Castle Corneille.

So did this retreat or this division reduce the tensions on the islands?

The King and the Lords were on one side, and the Parliament and the people on the other.

Those who followed the King were called Cavaliers or Royalists.

Those who followed the Parliament were called Parliamentarians or Roundheads.

Cavalier comes from a word which means horse, and the Cavaliers were so called because most of them rode upon horses.

The Roundheads were so called because they wore their hair short instead of long and curling like the Cavaliers.

The Roundheads were for the most part Puritans, while the Cavaliers belonged to the Church of England.

At this time there was no regular army in Britain, such as we have now, and a great many of those who fought were quite untrained.

The King's army was in some ways better than the army of the Parliament, for it contained many gentlemen who were accustomed to danger and who were able to ride.

At the Revolution, those politicians who were particularly zealous for monarchy assisted to vindicate liberty.

The Cavalier would, at the former conjuncture, have been able to effect nothing without the help of Puritans who had fought for the Covenant.

Nor would the Whig, at the latter conjuncture, have offered a successful resistance to arbitrary power.

had he not been backed by men who had, a very short time before, condemned resistance to arbitrary power as a deadly sin.

At the Revolution, those politicians who were particularly zealous for monarchy assisted to vindicate liberty.

The Cavalier would, at the former conjuncture, have been able to effect nothing without the help of Puritans who had fought for the covenant.

nor would the Whig, at the latter conjuncture, have offered a successful resistance to arbitrary power, had he not been backed by men who had, a very short time before, condemned resistance to arbitrary power as a deadly sin.

Conspicuous among those by whom, in 1660, the royal family was brought back, were Hoppice, who had, in the days of the tyranny of Charles I., held down the speaker in the chair by main force, while Black Rod knocked for admission in vain, Ingoldsby, whose name was subscribed to the memorable death-warrant, and Prynne, whose ears Laud had cut off, and who in return had borne the chief part in cutting off Laud's head.

Both in 1660 and in 1688, while the fate of the nation still hung in the balance, forgiveness was exchanged between the hostile factions.

On both occasions the reconciliation, which had seemed to be cordial in the hour of danger, proved false and hollow in the hour of triumph.

As soon as Charles II was at Whitehall, the Cavalier forgot the good service recently done by the Presbyterians, and remembered only their old offenses.

As soon as William was king, too many of the Whigs began to demand vengeance for all that they had, in the days of the Rye House plot, suffered at the hands of the Tories.

And they have a more affirmative sort of approach to their heritage.

And, and this is what I, I want to emphasize here.

Um, the, the element of the Cavaliers in Virginia are another very strong, uh, example of this.

These are people that are collectively far more comfortable with their heritage.

The Cavaliers of Virginia are primarily Episcopal or Church of England.

Um, they want to transplant English culture in the Americas.

They like their heritage.

That was invented by Pope Gregory the Great.

This already begins to look forward to the idea of the mode of production.

Uh, at the bottom of pe- page 1296, Jameson is talking about the gre- the, the, the violent religious controversies of the 17th century in England, uh, between Cavalier and Roundhead, between, uh, all the controversies, uh, surrounding, uh, the, uh, Interregnum of Cromwell, uh, the Restoration of Charles II, uh, and the tremendous ferment, religious- largely religious ferment, uh, taking place during those periods, during that period.

But this ferment, for any Marxist, and Christopher Hill is the leading historian writing about this period, who has made, made it most clearly, uh, intelligible in these terms, uh, for any Marxist, these, this conflict has an underlying political unconscious.

That is, its ultimate motives are an assertion of rights, uh, and a- an expression of class views.

So he was stabbed with a Bridport dagger.

In the Civil War, the, uh, the population of Bridport mainly supported the Royalists, and at the end of the war, King Charles II briefly stayed in the town at the George Inn.

I'll have to go and take a picture of the George Inn.

As he sought to escape parliamentary forces after his defeat at the Battle of Worcester.