Carnot cycle

We're talking about the massive difference between a multistage physical explosion and an instantaneous digital command.

Now, the mathematical crux of this whole shift really comes down to what's known as the Carnot cycle.

Because gas engines are essentially heat engines, they hit a hard theoretical maximum efficiency of about 25 to 30%.

They are mathematically doomed.

Scott's Irish physicist Lord Kelvin was the first to formulate a concise definition of thermodynamics in 1854, which stated, Thermodynamics is the subject of the relation of heat to forces acting between contiguous parts of bodies and the relation of heat to electrical agency.

German physicist and mathematician Rudolf Clausius restated Carnot's principle, known as the Carnot cycle, and gave the theory of heat a more accurate and sounder basis.

His most important paper, On the Moving Force of Heat, published in 1850, first stated the second law of thermodynamics.

In 1865, he named the concept entropy.

So, one great law will take care of all these things.

So, you've got to ask yourself, Well, it turns out this great law was discovered by an engineer called Carnot.

So, here's another thing.

People don't wake up and say, I'm going to discover a great law.

People just go out and do their business, and all you need is to have enough sense to realize when you stumbled on something really great.

So, Carnot had a very practical question.

Carnot was working on engines.

So, a steam engine, you know what happens in a steam engine.