CALERIE

The funding tends to be more on what happens in overweight or athletic population.

So maybe we understand better what's happening there in studies like the CALERIE study, which is like two years of control of energy deficit and six months of energy deficit exercise and so on.

But in the active population, we don't know as much as I think we should by now.

And I think that it would be great if that changed.

So can you actually change these biological aging scores? [coughs] Okay, so if these clocks predict real outcomes, the next question is kind of obvious.

Can you actually move the number? This is where the CALERIE trial comes in, and I think it's one of the more important studies in this whole space.

CALERIE stands for Comprehensive Assessment of Long-term Effects of Reducing Calorie Intake of Energy.

It's a long acronym, but it's one of the few large, multi-year randomized controlled trials that directly tested whether an intervention changes biological aging as measured by these clocks.

And importantly, it was done in healthy, non-obese adults, not a population that was already sick.

DunedinPACE is a validated epigenetic biomarker.

It's not a hard clinical outcome.

The CALERIE trial didn't show fewer heart attacks or longer lifespans because it wasn't designed or powered to show that.