Brown University

The ripples of it are all over the world.

I, I think I read a study by Brown University, their Center of War.

It said four million lives have been lost due to this war on terror.

You know, Afghanistan, Syria, Lebanon, Libya [laughs].

An immediate response followed with the American-led war on terror, which saw Western forces occupy Afghanistan and Iraq in major conflicts and two decades of military operations across the Middle East region and beyond.

Research by Brown University's Watson School of International and Public Affairs has estimated over 940,000 people were killed by direct post-9/11 war violence in Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Yemen, and Pakistan over the following decades, a further three and a half million people killed indirectly in post 9/11 war zones.

I watched, as the first-year student at Brown University, the first American bombs drop on Baghdad.

As we look backwards now and assess the longer-term consequences of September 11th, how has it changed our world? Has 9/11 been a catalyst for an era of fading American dominance, with the US response leading to a change in perceptions of American power around the world? What have been the results of the war on terror, and how has it affected militaries and modern warfare? And finally, what are the implications for today in a Middle East still riven by conflict and across a world characterized by great power rivalries? With me today in the studio, I'd like to welcome first General Sir Richard Barrons, who served both in Afghanistan and Iraq during his career with the British Army before becoming commander of the Joint Forces Command until his retirement in 2016.

Sir Richard is a senior consulting fellow with our International Security program at Chatham House.

A new report found that most of the deaths occurred during President Trump's second term as his administration pursued Iran-backed groups by John Ismay.

U.S. airstrikes against Yemen's Houthi militants from late twenty twenty-three to mid twenty twenty-five killed two hundred thirteen civilians, according to a report released on Thursday by the Costs of War Project at Brown University.

Most of the casualties, two hundred eight deaths and three hundred forty-one wounded, occurred during President Trump's second term as his administration pursued the Iran-backed group.

The Pentagon has not publicly acknowledged civilian deaths in the twenty twenty-four attacks, but has reported that it killed one hundred fifty-three civilians and wounded two hundred forty-three in Yemen in twenty twenty-five.

them needlessly Yeah, we'll come to that in a bit.

I think Brown University have estimated nearly four or five million people have been killed as a result of what flowed from that.

You wrote in the last week or so that 9-11 has become a gathering point for those who don't want to resort to the extremities of American politics.

Is this commemoration, is what is happening in New York this weekend a symbol of that, how politicians are excluded? It is about the victims and the victims only.

No applause, no sneers, because it deserves neither.

We fought two wars that ran a combined three decades and cost over 7,000 American lives by the count kept at Brown University.

left tens of thousands more wounded in body and mind.

We tore up the federal organization chart and bolted 22 stupid agencies into a brand new Department of Homeland Security.

A new report found that most of the deaths occurred during President Trump's second term as his administration pursued Iran-backed groups by John Ismay.

U.S. airstrikes against Yemen's Houthi militants from late 2023 to mid-2025 killed 213 civilians, according to a report released on Thursday by the Costs of War Project at Brown University.

Most of the casualties, 208 deaths and 341 wounded, occurred during President Trump's second term as his administration pursued the Iran-backed group.

The Pentagon has not publicly acknowledged civilian deaths in the 2024 attacks, but has reported that it killed 153 civilians and wounded 243 in Yemen in 2025.

Great to be with you and Marion.

And it's estimated by a Brown University study that over 900,000 people were killed by direct post 9-11 voices violence in the Middle East.

432,000 of those civilians.

It certainly is one of the most significant events in modern times.

But there's another part of the 9-11 story that's far less comfortable to talk about, because what followed those attacks was a war on terror that spread right across countries, including Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Pakistan.

And according to researchers at Brown University, more than 940,000 people were killed directly by post-9-11 war violence, almost half of them civilians.

And when deaths from hunger, disease, displacement, and the destruction of healthcare and infrastructure are included, the estimated death toll rises to somewhere between 4.5 million and 4.7 million people.

Millions more were driven from their homes.

But there's another part of the nine eleven story that's far less comfortable to talk about, because what followed those attacks was a war on terror that spread rice-- right across countries including Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and Pakistan.

And according to researchers at, at, uh, Brown University, more than nine hundred and forty thousand people were killed directly by post nine eleven war violence, almost half of them civilians.

And when deaths from hunger, disease, displacement, and the destruction of healthcare and infrastructure are included, the estimated death toll rises to somewhere between four and a half million and four point seven million people.

Millions more were driven from their homes.