Brookhaven National Laboratory

Yeah, yeah.

And these areas, especially like Cedar Beach, is relatively close to an area which is owned by the Department of Energy, which is Brookhaven National Laboratory.

Where they're doing, of course, there's various different projects going on out there, and they have a... a five-mile collider that's powered up intermittently throughout the year.

So, you know, whether or not that's attracting, you know, these strange observations, you know, we're not really sure.

This is in the 70s on nuclear.

I go to Brookhaven Lab, figuring I'll get the side of the nuclear scientists there.

And at one point I asked the question, what about accidents? And they look at the camera, they looked at me, and they said, well, these machines have such redundancy, nuclear power plant, that maybe every couple of centuries there'll be a minor accident.

A few years went by.

Some, in fact, the first book I wrote on nuclear power is called Cover Up, What You're Not Supposed to Know About Nuclear Power.

I started it the day of the Three Mile Island meltdown.

When I heard the news, I got to write a book about nuclear technology and deal with those Those scientists who lied to me, despite what those scientists told me, right from the Brookhaven Lab report, the possible size of the area of such a disaster, a nuclear plant accident, might be equal to that of the state of Pennsylvania.

This is written in the 60s, 10 years before the nuclear plant accident at Three Mile Island.

On November eleventh nineteen seventy-four, two research teams independently announced the discovery of the same particle.

One team led by Samuel Ting at Brookhaven National Laboratory had been colliding a proton beam into a fixed target for months, hunting for a class of heavy particles, and had spotted an oddly sharp narrow spike in their data at a mass around three point one billion electron volts.

The other team led by Burton Richter at SLAC had been running an entirely different kind of machine, a ring that collided electrons head on with positrons.

They had found the exact same spike at the exact same mass.

You know, every, every year we have so many memories come flooding back.

Uh, the nervousness that we felt after, in the aftermath of 9/11, and I remember seeing the Army helicopters flying low over Long Island, uh, probably to protect, uh, Brookhaven National Labs.

I remember how our air travel was completely changed.

I remember children in our neighborhood lost their parents.

So one reason that they're confident about this result is that it was done before in 2001.

So it was originally done in Brookhaven National Labs in 2001, and it was such a big result at the time that they're like, "We have to verify this." And so they took the big old magnet, a big superconducting magnet, 50 foot in diameter.

Here it is.

See that red thing? That's the magnet arriving at Fermilab to a big party and a big celebration because it was transported 3,200 miles to upgrade it.

The brain, which contains neurons that are not replaced when damaged, is particularly vulnerable.

Research conducted through NASA's Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory has exposed rodents to simulated galactic cosmic radiation and measured the consequences.

The results are alarming.

Animals exposed to space-relevant doses of heavy ion radiation showed persistent deficits in learning, memory, attention and executive function.

But even in this best-case scenario, the crew that arrives would not be the crew that departed.

43 years of continuous exposure to galactic cosmic radiation, even partially mitigated by the best conceivable shielding, would leave measurable marks on every person aboard.

Research conducted through NASA's Human Research Program and at facilities like the Brookhaven National Laboratory has established that charged particle radiation at space-relevant doses causes structural changes in the brain dendritic spines the microscopic projections that form the connection points between neurons thin and retract synaptic density decreases neuroinflammation persists long after exposure In animal models, these changes correlate with measurable deficits in learning, memory, spatial navigation, and the ability to distinguish between familiar and novel stimuli.

Over 43 years, the cumulative neurological impact could be profound.

It carried a lot of weight.

Work that we did, of course, at Nora, work that was done at Brookhaven Lab, field studies quantifying how much cleaner heat exchangers stayed when you don't have that sulfur, that iron sulfate scale that comes from the use of sulfur.

When it came time... for the policy decisions associated with sulfur, a lot of our work that we all did contributed heavily to the decisions to implement sulfur reductions.

And the industry, I think, deserves a huge amount of credit for for being positive about this for not dragging their feet or coming up with ideas and reasons why um we shouldn't get rid of sulfur and so once it happened we reap the benefits and the benefits are huge reduce sulfur dioxide emissions um people don't remember much acid brain they don't talk about that quite as much anymore but you know this head-on address those kind of challenges Particulates from two oil, from our fuel, combustion, people have raised concerns about, and we have to worry about those particulates.

The National Laboratory becomes the model place for knowledge production.

So even if you look at the United States, the Argonne National Laboratory, Brookhaven National Laboratory, university consortia coming together to work together.

And so the National Laboratory becomes sort of, which, you know, in Germany was a format before the war.

but in many places became the format before and after the Second World War.

We only hire people in directly relevant subjects of physics, like particle theorists, like differential geometers, like machine learning experts.

And we have a very strange thing that we have a very close relationship with the Brookhaven National Laboratory.

And by the way, there's a middling university right next door who happens to be absolutely world-class historically in the exact subjects that would be relevant to doing next-level physics.

Okay? So you, uh, multiple Fields Medalists and US News and World Report never ranks this as like one of our great facilities.