Brigate Garibaldi

when Mussolini's grip weakened.

And it was the 52nd Garibaldi Brigade, one of the communist brigades, again, an outgrowth of Gramsci's party that captured and killed Mussolini in 1945.

So, you know, just a fascinating guy who went through so much shit and thought so deeply and lived through this promise of revolution that he didn't see and really was pretty aware he was never leaving prison and wrote books to do his best to one, get around the censors, but also to talk about, okay, so why didn't this work? How does culture work even when the material conditions are there to change the world? And kind of, you know, sketched out this possibility of thinking about how the future could work and has left this fucking crazy legacy.

But also just as a guy, it seemed like, you know, a very obvious for fair reasons, pretty disturbed man, especially by later in his life.

The communists were operating inside a coalition, not against one.

By 1944, the Garibaldi Brigades accounted for roughly half of all the partisan fighters in Italy.

There was a strategic, a strategic choice the communist leadership had already made.

In March 1944, Togliatti returned from Moscow and announced the so-called Svolta di Salerno, cooperate with the Allies, set the revolution aside, defeat the Germans first.

So tell us a little bit about the Porzus massacre and which we've mentioned earlier, exactly why it happened.

Porzus is the deepest wound in the history of the Italian resistance precisely because it was Italians killing Italians.

By February 1945, the fault line between the communist Garibaldi Brigades and the non-communist Osoppo had become a full rupture.

The Garibaldi formations in Friuli had passed under the command of the 19th Corpus, the Slovenian partisan force under Tito.