Does that make sense?

Oh, absolutely.

It makes sense.

There's two things that I want to get to based on what you were just saying.

One is, as you were saying, maybe people haven't done the work to figure out what their values are and what they're rooted in, that type thing.

But even from that, I talk a lot, especially in my coaching practice, about knowing and doing because it's a very different thing.

You can know what these things are.

Smart.

What are some of the kinds of challenges you face in getting the public ready for an impending storm, particularly when you don't know how significant its impacts may be?

You know, this has been a really challenging hurricane season.

And anyone who thought that this was going to be a quiet season needs to look at the fact that three of the four named storms have come to Texas.

So, you know, I think the biggest challenge is we're out of practice.

We've had some small storms like Barrel.

We haven't really done a big storm like an Ike.

And for as much as those are horrible and they do remind the public what the dangers are.

What's your message for folks here in Harris County this morning?

How did people find this particular bee?

Well, it was found by Joshua Clark, who's the rare species officer with the National Biodiversity Data Centre.

And he had been out and about in kind of County Leash for a few hours that day looking for places that we kind of all well know as being rich in the scabious plant.

And he was unsuccessful for the most part.

And then he decided to check out a different venue, which another person from the National Biodiversity Data Centre, Owen Beckett,

The fact that one of them has been found, does that suggest that there must be others there too?

I would suspect there are some there, but it doesn't mean they're there in large numbers.

The way that the relationships between host bees and cuckoo bees works a cuckoo bee can't take over all the nests of the host bee because then they wouldn't have any generations next year to utilize for the same purpose.

horsefly episode as

opposed to the um that the honeybee which is obviously all working towards a common goal yeah so these guys are working towards individual goals right and what what's interesting about this is that it's a solitary bee and there are solitary bees who lay build the nests and lay the eggs and collect the pollen and there are other solitary bees who try and um they're called brood parasites so they they will try and rob those nests so they when the females hosts uh are off collecting the pollen yeah oftentimes this place is just covered with the the cuckoo bees who are trying to lay their eggs in the in those nests so you'll you'll nearly see more of those than you will see of the host wow so uh it's it's a beautiful uh beautiful spot in the kind of mid to late spring so there's a

And there's a big band of yellow in the middle and a band of black on either end.

Yes.

And so this is a solitary wasp.

It's a parasitoid wasp.

Now, so a parasitoid as opposed to parasitic.

So it lays its eggs in or on... uh the larvae of something or the adult of something sometimes you know when we have the the spider hunting wasps who lay their eggs on the on the spiders and so this is going in amongst the grass you saw it going in once the reeds here and it's looking for moth larvae so little caterpillars that are kind of living in munching in around these areas it's looking for those and then eventually finds one of those and it lays an egg on it and then the egg hatches it could be one egg could be more than one egg for a wasp this size it's probably a single egg um and the egg hatches and then it goes it eats the larva from the inside out but they're very clever because they eat certain parts certain parts certain parts certain parts until they're ready to pupate and then they'll eat the vital parts and then that will be the thing that effectively kills

Mm-hmm.

'Cause if you do, you need to know, um, what you're gonna do in the event that you are called on to evacuate.

Where are you going to go? Are there people you need to take with you? Are there people that you need, that you, you know, take care of that you need to make sure have a place to go? So there's a lot of things involved in that.

The third thing is staying informed, and one of the things that we've noted over the last few years, I know last year after the Hill Country floods, there was a lot of discussion about, you know, people being informed about emergency information.

And I started doing some research and asking some folks who are in the b- you know, same business of public information that I am, you know, about, hey, you know, are we doing a good job of communicating? And it's kind of a split answer here.

On the one hand, in almost every single major natural disaster, we found out that the information that people needed was out there.

Now, whether or not people were getting it or whether or not they knew where to go get it is another story.

Is that correct?

30 milliliter per kilogram recommendation that's been used for several decades now, historically, how has body weight been addressed? You just made mention of the 2026 guidelines, but really, what's the historical track record been in terms of the use of body weight?

It's been interesting to see this change over time.

And that's one of the nice things about the surviving sepsis campaign is that these guidelines get updated every four to five years as we get new data supporting the management of patients with sepsis and septic shock.

If you go back to the 2016 guidelines, they basically say 30 mils per kilo and then do not reference a body weight at all.

which would go along with a lot of the literature that we have available that also does not reference body weight.

And I think we're going to get to that a little bit later.

But when we get our 2021 update to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines, what you see in there is a reference to ideal body weight.

Talk us through what that evidence tells us.

So it really has a direct effect on, on our biodiversity.

It actually does have a massive, uh, effect on the biodiversity, and it has a massive effect on the species as well.

Um, so over the longer term, uh, the bees are looking to feed the larvae back at the nest, and so they're collecting pollen.

And so they go out to collect that pollen, but during a heat event, there isn't as much pollen being created, uh, by the plants.

And then also the nectar, um, if there's no water in the, in the root system, the nectar isn't being produced by the plant.

And then also there's no water for them to hydrate either.

So what can we do to help them?

Um, there are multiple things we can do.

What are you raising money for? Because every year it's for something different.

Yeah, so last year we done a national charity, which was Avian Pink Toy.

Again, fantastic charity with childhood cancer and stuff and all the things that support families and parents that are dealing with it.

So last year in December, Steve Murphy and Jennifer Carrick, who you know well in the station, came to us and said, look, we need a hand collecting money up.

Can you do a book of collection for the Bray Senior Community Group? In my ignorance, again, working in the community so long, I never really heard of what they did, you know, so they organised a Christmas party for the elderly for the last 26 years in Bray and it's been a struggle every year the last few years to get the funds in and I think last year they were really tight so they came to us, we kind of helped them you know, finish off what they needed to finish off and then we made a promise we made a promise to Dee and Jen and the girls in the community centres that we would back them 100% this year and you know, Alana Bourne, Jeff Costolo We sell everyone there that's involved with the head-to-head from a fire perspective.

We went full tilt with them.

This year, just to give a special shout-out, if that's all right, Nikki.

yeah well you could get joanne yes you wouldn't know these are all coming together from from jobs that are quite intense and demanding on a normal day and they're going to give up their sunday to do this walk for this fund for the elderly at christmas so it's amazing and i know last year wicklow as a county got behind you 100 and this year you know there's only a week to go so what can we say to someone who's on the fence still

So when you look back at that arc, what's sort of the through line for you? What is it about the economics of energy, um, that's held your attention for this long?

So, um, Terry, I guess what I would say is, um, since the very beginning, I've always looked at things that are a match of my interests, um, what I feel is important, uh, to work on.

In other words, there are people outside of me who are really interested in looking for solutions in that space.

And then also what my skill set is, because I-- there can be things that really interest me and are important, but I'm not really well equipped to weigh in on.

And, uh, when I started my career in the 1980s, that topic was forest conservation, and my interests were developed there in part because I worked as a tree planter in the pac- in the, the national forest of the Pacific Northwest and really, um, really got deeply interested, passionate about forest conservation.

And, um, so I really dedicated, uh, y- my master's degree, my PhD, I worked for a few years in consulting before I went back to graduate school, focused on problems in the forest and land use sector.

Um, and basically, I, I worked in that area.

So Brian, would-- could you help our listeners understand the significance of that finding in the context of the institute's history that you were describing, and how it is advancing, uh, energy and environment policy at Duke and beyond? And when this paper landed in February 2025, what was the policy and industry reaction, and what's changed since?

Yeah,

so last year we did the Head to Head Challenge.

Brae 404ers got together with the local Coast Guard unit, Civil Defence, and we got together to do it for Avian's Pink Toy, which was a great charity.

So this year, last year, it was very successful.

It's 40 kilometres from Wicklow Head to Brae Head.

We had a lot of people on the day.

We raised over €10,000.

How did you do it last year?

Brian Murray, uh, what steps does Harris County take each year to prepare for the season?

Yeah, it's very similar to what Brian Mason was talking about.

We do a lot of the same things with our county departments, um, a lot of our partners in the unincorporated areas.

But I think the most important thing is right now, today, is the only time of the entire year where we have almost everybody focused on the topic of preparedness.

So really our job right now is to get the public to engage in that now.

The very salient, salient point that Brian made is preparedness is not a hurricane season thing.

It's a 365 day a year.

Yeah, Brian Murray, what does a worst case scenario look like if a, a storm should threaten during World Cup matches?

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