How does that work?

it seems like it's easier to to break things down so that they're easier to understand and this is like a phase kind of thing and the reason that i lay it out like this is just because it's more like a predictable map and you know we were talking about uh cism and the That is where this material comes from.

A combination of principles from CISM, the Critical Incident Stress Management, and also the book by Dwight Polk, who did the Pre-Hospital Behavioral Emergencies book that...

I think it's almost 20 years old now, but those are two of the major sources in this field.

So that's how all this material came together was those two expert pillars along with current research.

And so we looked at these phases though, and the...

Phases matter because they help you figure out where people are psychologically.

How do they work?

What do you think is needed to adjust how we train our first responders?

Well, what it really comes down to is the requirements that are put out there.

And so we in the EMS area have a national standard curriculum.

And inside that national standard curriculum, there is not a place for a – communication there's not like a communication block and so when we work to teach communication skills we have to approach it from the particular medical aspect so that means that in this case you know we would be teaching psych but if you look at a paramedic textbook you know that's one chapter and there's, you know, the amount of, my belief is that the amount of focus is not ample enough.

And so the same thing goes with other fields.

There is very little training that police officers go through to help them understand the difference between like a patient who's autistic versus a patient who's who has a manic state or a patient, you know, who is, gosh, you know, catatonic or something.

I mean, these kinds of things that happen during psych emergencies can be looked at in a black and white format, and that doesn't work for these folks.

Can you talk about the difference, like if there is one, of like what your approach is compared to psychological first aid?