Bovine respiratory syncytial virus

And I think that's probably part of that equation.

You got IVR and BRSV and PI3 in there as well.

But if you think even an individual farmer who's got different management groups, when you wean animals and bring them together and commingle them in the yard weaning procedure, if they have inadequate time to let those viruses circulate and for them to get over them in a lower stress environment, if they're then trucked too early, like especially calves weaned straight onto a truck, which is an anathema to everyone's profitability, it has a pretty profound impact.

And that came through pretty strongly in the DRD initiative.

And as you've looked at some of the literature there, one of the questions is, does the type of vaccine that we give, does it matter if it's a modified live or killed? And we're...

typically here referring to our viral vaccines and our IBR, BVD, BRSV, and PI3 sometimes in there.

And they can come in different forms, modified live or viral.

And I think you found a good article here that came out in Bovine Practitioner in 2025.

So there are four of the calfhood viruses, which are also lipid-enveloped.

So bovine coronavirus, BRSV, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, BVD, viral diarrhea virus, and then herpes virus.

They're all lipid-enveloped.

So our thinking was that if we could get that into calves early on, we could just tamp down some of that viral load because it does get absorbed.

Fun fact.

Parainfluenza, BRSV, so bovine syncytial virus, IBR, some people will call that bovine herpes or red nose disease, and then sometimes coronavirus.

So all of those viruses and bacteria make up BRD, which can make it very challenging for prevention, treatment, and control.

But we see BRD in calves prior to weaning.