Bona Sforza

The restless character of this unfortunate prince, who had a decided tendency to insanity, soon manifested itself.

At great cost he sent emissaries to Scotland, England, and numerous German courts to woo him a wife.

With inadequate resources he contended with the Russians and the Poles for the possession of the Baltic provinces, and in 1561 succeeded in gaining the city of Reval and Estonia.

This was the first conquest of Sweden beyond the Baltic and the beginning of a struggle that extended over a century and a half.

Then he began to quarrel with his brothers.

He caused the oldest of them, John of Finland, to be condemned to death for high treason and imprisoned him and his wife in 1563 in the strong castle of Gripsholm.

Magnus of East Gotland, whom Eric had compelled to assist him against John, went mad with excitement and regret.

Charles of Sudermanland was saved from a similar fate only by his extreme youth.

The restless character of this unfortunate prince, who had a decided tendency to insanity, soon manifested itself.

At great cost he sent emissaries to Scotland, England, and numerous German courts to woo him a wife.

With inadequate resources he contended with the Russians and the Poles for the possession of the Baltic provinces, and in 1561 succeeded in gaining the city of Reval and Estonia.

This was the first conquest of Sweden beyond the Baltic and the beginning of a struggle that extended over a century and a half.

Then he began to quarrel with his brothers.

He caused the oldest of them, John of Finland, to be condemned to death for high treason and imprisoned him and his wife in 1563 in the strong castle of Gripsholm.

Magnus of East Gotland, whom Eric had compelled to assist him against John, went mad with excitement and regret.

Charles of Sudermanland was saved from a similar fate only by his extreme youth.

The restless character of this unfortunate prince, who had a decided tendency to insanity, soon manifested itself.

At great cost he sent emissaries to Scotland, England, and numerous German courts to woo him a wife.

With inadequate resources he contended with the Russians and the Poles for the possession of the Baltic provinces, and in 1561 succeeded in gaining the city of Reval and Estonia.

This was the first conquest of Sweden beyond the Baltic and the beginning of a struggle that extended over a century and a half.

Then he began to quarrel with his brothers.

He caused the oldest of them, John of Finland, to be condemned to death for high treason and imprisoned him and his wife in 1563 in the strong castle of Gripsholm.

Magnus of East Gotland, whom Eric had compelled to assist him against John, went mad with excitement and regret.

Charles of Sudermannland was saved from a similar fate only by his extreme youth.

The restless character of this unfortunate prince, who had a decided tendency to insanity, soon manifested itself.

At great cost he sent emissaries to Scotland, England, and numerous German courts to woo him a wife.

With inadequate resources he contended with the Russians and the Poles for the possession of the Baltic provinces, and in 1561 succeeded in gaining the city of Reval and Estonia.

This was the first conquest of Sweden beyond the Baltic and the beginning of a struggle that extended over a century and a half.

Then he began to quarrel with his brothers.

He caused the oldest of them, John of Finland, to be condemned to death for high treason and imprisoned him and his wife in 1563 in the strong castle of Gripsholm.

Magnus of East Gotland, whom Eric had compelled to assist him against John, went mad with excitement and regret.

Charles of Sudermanland was saved from a similar fate only by his extreme youth.

The Jagiellonian court transformed Worrell Castle and Worrell Cathedral into one of Europe's foremost centers of music architecture and the visual arts.

Queen Bona Sforza transformed the musical life of the Polish court by introducing the the elegance and sophistication of the italian renaissance although her husband the first maintained the official royal chapel and court ensemble bona's own court became the leading center of a more modern secular and cosmopolitan musical culture Arriving in Poland in 1518 with her own musicians and singers, she emphasized instrumental performance and lively social dancing.

A gifted musician and dancer herself, Bona encouraged artistic innovation while supporting native Polish performers, fostering a creative synthesis of Italian refinement and Polish musical traditions that helped usher in the golden age of Polish Renaissance music.

In 1540, Zygmunt I founded the celebrated Ratonist Chapel within Warwell Cathedral, one of the most remarkable musical institutions of Renaissance Europe.

The restless character of this unfortunate prince, who had a decided tendency to insanity, soon manifested itself.

At great cost he sent emissaries to Scotland, England, and numerous German courts to woo him a wife.

With inadequate resources he contended with the Russians and the Poles for the possession of the Baltic provinces, and in 1561 succeeded in gaining the city of Reval and Estonia.

This was the first conquest of Sweden beyond the Baltic and the beginning of a struggle that extended over a century and a half.

Then he began to quarrel with his brothers.

He caused the oldest of them, John of Finland, to be condemned to death for high treason and imprisoned him and his wife in 1563 in the strong castle of Gripsholm.

Magnus of East Gotland, whom Eric had compelled to assist him against John, went mad with excitement and regret.

Charles of Sudermanland was saved from a similar fate only by his extreme youth.

The restless character of this unfortunate prince, who had a decided tendency to insanity, soon manifested itself.

At great cost he sent emissaries to Scotland, England, and numerous German courts to woo him a wife.

With inadequate resources he contended with the Russians and the Poles for the possession of the Baltic provinces, and in 1561 succeeded in gaining the city of Reval and Estonia.

This was the first conquest of Sweden beyond the Baltic and the beginning of a struggle that extended over a century and a half.

Then he began to quarrel with his brothers.

He caused the oldest of them, John of Finland, to be condemned to death for high treason, and imprisoned him and his wife in 1563 in the strong castle of Gripsholm.

Magnus of East Gotland, whom Eric had compelled to assist him against John, went mad with excitement and regret.

Charles of Sudermanland was saved from a similar fate only by his extreme youth.