Bombay Presidency

It is in the 19th century when, uh, uh, the, the, the English, uh, governors, uh, both in Kolkata and Bombay insist... and Madras, insisted on teaching children in native languages, that is the regional languages.

Uh, um, uh, the Elphinstone very clearly, uh, ga- gave written, uh, instructions to teach children in Gujarati and Marathi for the Bombay Presidency.

It was in 1835 when the East India Company people are thinking of how to replace Persian, which had been a kind of a national language, a supra language for India.

Persian connected India for several centuries, and they wanted to replace Persian, uh, by bringing in a legislation.

Ambedkar proved to be an exceptional student.

He became the first Dalit to matriculate from the Bombay province, and he didn't stop there because matriculation during that time was pr- probably the highest achievement one could do, and then, you know, you get a job, like a clerical or any kind of job, and you, uh, you know, get married and sustain your life.

But then he didn't stop there.

You know, he went on to pursue his bachelor's from the Bombay University.

He was, again, the first Dalit to graduate with a BA or in any degree from that province.

Uh, he could have easily stopped there, but his hunger for knowledge was so, uh, desperate, so he went.

So actually, the story is very long, but very briefly, I'm a his- independent historian of medicine based out of Mumbai, India, and I primarily focus on global health with a thrust on South and Southeast Asia.

My primary focus is, of course, Indonesia, and more recently, the Bombay Presidency.

I've begun a new book project on the history of cholera in Bombay Presidency, Western India, during the late nine-- during the 19th century and the early 20th century.

And I've also begun another line of research on medical pluralism in Indonesia.

So actually, my story starts in 2014 when I graduated from the PhD program at the University of Sydney.

It's, it was not there 20 years ago.

Twenty years ago, it was mostly colonial medicine.

Even in India, you have Mridula Ramanna, who writes about Bombay Presidency.

The officers at Kolapur were saved.

The rising spirit of mutiny in the Bombay Presidency received a final check, and it revived the confidence of both officers and men in each other.

Of the gallant band that had accomplished so much, eight were killed, four afterwards died of their wounds, and not one of them escaped unhurt.

Great was the praise bestowed on Lieutenant Kerr for his dashing and devoted bravery, and well did he merit the Victoria Cross, which he received.